The Relationship Between Plasma Progesterone Concentration and Conception in Post-Partum Dairy Cows Maintained on Two Levels of Nutrition

Folman, Y.; Rosenberg, Miriam; Herz, Z.; Davidson, M.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0340267

Cited by 165 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similarly the advantage of the progestagen treatments may be in the provision of increased plasma levels before the first cycle postpartum. This has been shown to increase conception rates (Ramirez-Godinez et al 1981) and agrees with the reported relationship between progesterone levels in the previous cycle and conception rate (Folman et al 1973;Corah et al 1974). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of techniques for synchronisation of oestrus and subsequent fertility in beef cattle

Smith¹,

Kaltenbach²

1990

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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One hundred and seventy-eight heifers and 275 suckling cows were allocated to either a control (untreated) group or to one of three groups treated to synchronise oestrus. The treatments were eitheraprogestagen ear implant (SMB),aprogesterone intravaginal device (pRIO + PMSG), or two injections ofaprostaglandin analogue (pG). Progestagen treatments effectively synchronised oestrus with similar numbers ofanimals exhibiting oestrus within 2 days of treatment, as were observed over 21 days in the control group. The prostaglandin treatment was much less effective (control 79%, 5MB 72%, PRID + PMSG 71%, andPG 45%). Conception to timed insemination in the 5MB-and PGsynchronised heifers was lower than that obtained in the other treatments (control 33%, 5MB 17%,PRID + PMSG 33%, and PG 25%). In the suckling cows the conception rates of the progestagen-treated groups (48 and 50%) were better than that following PG (20%) with the controls (37%) intermediate. Plasma progesterone levels indicated that anoestrus was not the majorreason for the poor performance of the PGtreated cows. An additional group of 36 cows treated with progestagen and PMSG before Day 30 postpartum indicated some advantage from this procedure in reducing the interval from calving to A90039 Received 26 March 1990; accepted 20 June 1990 conception. Techniques based on the administration ofprogestagens appear to offer a practical means of synchronisingoestrus for artificial insemination (AI) in suckling beef cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of techniques for synchronisation of oestrus and subsequent fertility in beef cattle

Smith¹,

Kaltenbach²

1990

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…The key role of greater P4 before AI on fertility of lactating dairy cows was recognized in early studies that compared fertile to non-fertile inseminations (Folman et al, 1973;Erb et al, 1976;Meisterling and Dailey, 1987). In addition, concentrations of P4 12 days before first AI had a positive relationship with conception rate at first AI in lactating Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle (Fonseca et al, 1983).…”

Section: Fertility In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

Wiltbank

Souza

Carvalho

et al. 2014

Animal

195

114

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The discovery of progesterone (P4) and elucidation of the mechanisms of P4 action have an important place in the history of endocrinology and reproduction. Circulating P4 concentration is determined by a balance between P4 production, primarily by the corpus luteum (CL), and P4 metabolism, primarily by the liver. The volume of luteal tissue and number and function of large luteal cells are primary factors determining P4 production. Rate of P4 metabolism is generally determined by liver blood flow and can be of critical importance in determining circulating P4 concentrations, particularly in dairy cattle. During timed artificial insemination (AI) protocols, elevations in P4 are achieved by increasing number of CL by creating accessory CL or by supplementation with exogenous P4. Dietary manipulations can also alter circulating P4, although practical methods to apply these techniques have not yet been reported. Elevating P4 before the timed AI generally decreases double ovulation and increases fertility to the timed AI. Near the time of AI, slight elevations in circulating P4, possibly due to inadequate luteal regression, can dramatically reduce fertility. After AI, circulating P4 is critical for embryo growth and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Many studies have attempted to improve fertility by elevating P4 after timed AI. Our recent meta-analysis and manipulative study indicated small fertility benefits (3% to 3.5%) mostly in primiparous cows. Thus, previous research has provided substantial insight into mechanisms regulating circulating P4 concentrations and actions. Understanding this prior research can focus future research on P4 manipulation to improve reproductive success. Keywords: progesterone, lactating dairy cows, fertility ImplicationsThis manuscript reviews effects of circulating progesterone (P4) on dairy cattle reproduction. Various methods to elevate P4 during growth of the preovulatory follicular wave have been shown to increase pregnancies/ artificial insemination (AI) and reduce double ovulation, providing methods to improve fertility and reduce twinning rate in lactating dairy cattle. Conversely, very low concentrations of P4 near AI are needed to optimize fertility. Finally, elevations of P4 after AI can impact embryonic development and also may elevate fertility. Thus, innovative strategies to optimize circulating P4 concentrations during selected reproductive periods enhance our management tools for improving reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows. Discovery of Progesterone (P4)The discovery of P4 begins with a clear description by Regnier deGraaf (1641-1673) of the corpus luteum (CL), calling them 'globules' and correctly surmising (for rabbits) that 'the number of globules equals the number of offspring from a particular mating ' (deGraaf, 1672 in (Jocelyn andSetchell, 1972)). A key discovery came in the laboratory of Gustav Born , an excellent histologist, who observed that the CL was a ductless gland and correctly advanced the idea that it was a gland of internal sec...

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“…They may involve effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis through alterations to the LH pulse pattern and delays in the time of first ovulation after calving (Eldon et al, 1988) The effect may also be due to lower progesterone production and, consequently, lower conception rates at subsequent inseminations (Folman et al, 1973). In addition, increased urea concentration has been associated with a higher incidence of ovarian cysts (Ropstad and Refsdal, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in milk urea around insemination are negatively associated with conception success in dairy cows

Albaaj

Foucras

Raboisson

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dietary protein levels are a risk factor for poor reproductive performance. Conception is particularly impaired in cases of high blood or milk urea. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between conception and low milk urea or changes in milk urea around artificial insemination (AI). Data were obtained from the French Milk Control Program for a 4-yr period (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Milk urea values between 250 and 450 mg/ kg (4.3 and 7.7 mM) were considered intermediate (I), and values ≤150 mg/kg (2.6 mM) were considered low (L). Milk urea values before and after each AI were allocated into 4 classes representing the dynamics of milk urea (before-after; I-I, I-L, L-I, and L-L). Subclinical ketosis was defined using milk fat and protein contents before AI as proxies. A logistic regression with a Poisson correction and herd as a random variable was then performed on data from Holstein or all breeds of cows. The success of conception was decreased [relative risk (95% confidence interval) = 0.96 (0.94-0.99)] in lowurea cows compared with intermediate-urea cows after AI; no significant association was found for urea levels before AI. When combining data on urea before and after AI, I-L urea cows exhibited a 5 to 9% decrease in conception compared with I-I urea cows, and L-I urea cows showed no difference in conception success compared with I-I urea cows. A decreased conception success for L-L urea cows compared with I-I urea cows was observed for the analysis with cows of all breeds. This work revealed that a decrease in urea from intermediate (before AI) to low (after AI) is a risk factor for conception failure. Surveys of variation in milk urea in dairy cows close to breeding are highly recommended. Key words: dairy cow, milk urea, conception INTRODUCTIONEfficient nutritional management of dairy cattle at calving is one of the most important factors in sustainable dairy farming. It has important effects on the health and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Farmers adopt various nutritional strategies to meet high production requirements while minimizing feed costs and maximizing economic returns. Cows in the early postpartum period experience negative energy balance when their energy requirements exceed their dietary intake (Bauman and Currie, 1980;Bell, 1995). Negative energy balance remains a major challenge for the dairy industry, and extensive literature is available on its physiology, strategic management, and effects on health and performance (Beam and Butler, 1999;Wathes et al., 2003;Raboisson et al., 2014). Protein supply presents a major dietary challenge for postpartum and lactating cows. High-protein diets are widely used during early lactation to stimulate high milk production. However, such diets may be deleterious for reproductive performance, especially when rumendegradable or rumen-undegradable protein exceeds the cow's requirements (Butler, 1998). In contrast, diets with low levels of proteins are often provided to beef cows, which may be fed only hay or grazed ...

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The Relationship Between Plasma Progesterone Concentration and Conception in Post-Partum Dairy Cows Maintained on Two Levels of Nutrition

Abstract: Summary. Fourteen

Cited by 165 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of techniques for synchronisation of oestrus and subsequent fertility in beef cattle

Comparison of techniques for synchronisation of oestrus and subsequent fertility in beef cattle

Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

Changes in milk urea around insemination are negatively associated with conception success in dairy cows

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