The Relationship Between Reproductive Risk Factors for Breast Cancer and Tumor Molecular Subtypes

Abstract

Introduction: Due to wide clinical differences in various pathological types of breast cancer and also close association between disease prognosis and molecular subtypes of the tumor, it has been recently suggested a relationship between traditional risk factors and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the association of reproductive risk factors for breast cancer with tumor molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods:This bi-center cross-sectional study was performed on 800 consecutive women with known breast cancer who referred to two great referral hospitals as the Comprehensive Cancer Centers in Tehran between 2006 and 2016. The baseline information related to reproductive risk profiles as well as pathological tumor diagnosis and molecular subtypes determined using immune-histochemical analysis by immune-staining for ER, PR, and HER2 molecules were collected by reviewing the hospital recorded files. Results: Of 800 samples included for immune-histochemical analysis, 314 (39.3%) were positive for Luminal A subtype, 107 (13.4%) for Luminal B subtype, 153 (19.1%) for HER-2 over expression, and 226 (28.3%) for triple negative subtype. Among all reproductive risk factors initially assessed, young age was associated with HER-2 over expression pattern, more tumor size with luminal B subtype, lower age at pregnancy with luminal A subtype, lower number of gravid with triple negative pattern, the history of abortion with luminal B subtype, and shorter duration of breastfeeding with triple negative subtypes. Conclusions: Each molecular subtype of breast cancer in our population can be specifically associated with specific reproductive risk factors.

Clinical and epidemiologic factors associated with breast cancer and its subtypes among Northeast Chinese women

“…A study based on Iranian women found that a history of abortion was associated with luminal B breast cancer compared to other subtypes. 39 Another study among Northeastern Chinese women reported that spontaneous abortion was inversely associated with luminal A and luminal B subtypes, while induced abortion was associated with increased risk of luminal A tumors. 30 Further researches are warranted to clarify the effect of abortion on the stage and molecular subtypes of breast cancer and the potential underlying mechanisms.…”

“…Few studies have evaluated abortion for clinical stage of breast cancer, but studies on abortion and molecular subtypes reported controversial findings. A study based on Iranian women found that a history of abortion was associated with luminal B breast cancer compared to other subtypes . Another study among Northeastern Chinese women reported that spontaneous abortion was inversely associated with luminal A and luminal B subtypes, while induced abortion was associated with increased risk of luminal A tumors .…”

Expression and Function of C1orf132 Long-Noncoding RNA, in Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tissues

“…TNBC tumors make up 10-30% of all breast cancers and are reported to be the most aggressive form of BC with high histological grade, increased mitotic count, central necrosis and margins of invasion. It is also associated with younger age of incidence and poorer prognosis, in comparison to non-TNBC patterns 6 , as well as an association with shorter duration of breastfeeding, higher age at rst pregnancy and lower parity 7 .…”

Association between the TOX3 rs3803662 C>T polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage in a southern Chinese population

“…[3][4][5] Therefore, exploration of the causes of recurrent abortion has important implications for the prevention and treatment of recurrent abortion. 8 In addition, other studies have shown that certain genetic polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer and may also be related to abortion, for example, the MDM2 Del1518 polymorphism and miR-196a (rs11614913). 6,7 Moreover, there are studies confirming that breast cancer may be associated with reproductive risk factors.…”

“…6,7 Moreover, there are studies confirming that breast cancer may be associated with reproductive risk factors. 8 In addition, other studies have shown that certain genetic polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer and may also be related to abortion, for example, the MDM2 Del1518 polymorphism and miR-196a (rs11614913). [9][10][11] Therefore, it is helpful to understand the causes of RM by studying whether some genes involved in breast cancer pathogenesis are associated with RM.…”