The relationship between residential yard management and neighborhood crime: An analysis from Baltimore City and County

Troy, Austin; Nunery, Ashley; Grove, J. Morgan

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.004

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The findings held for property crime (e.g., vandalism, burglary, robbery), drug crime (e.g., uses of narcotics), and violent crime (e.g., assaults, sexual assaults, gun assaults) [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. It is notable that while GI is consistently associated with lower-violence crimes, crimes against property sometimes increase after GI installation [49].…”

Section: Crimementioning

confidence: 87%

Green Infrastructure, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Human Health: A Review

Suppakittpaisarn

Jiang

Sullivan

2017

Curr Landscape Ecol Rep

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Purpose of the Review In a growing trend, cities around the world have been installing Green Infrastructure (GI) in the form of vegetated landscapes that provide ecological benefits such as stormwater management, wildlife habitats, and temperature moderation (Tzoulas et al. Landsc Urban Plan. 61(3):11, 2007). Some GI, such as trees and green spaces, have positive impacts on human health. It is less clear how newer types of GI, such as rain gardens, green roofs, and bioswales, impact human health. These newer GI types are called Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI). Planners and designers need to know the extent to which GSI impacts humans. This systematic review does exactly that-we explore the published evidence regarding the relationships between GI and human health. Recent Findings We identified 55 peer-reviewed articles addressing these issues. Familiar types of GI, such as trees and green spaces, were found to be beneficial to the body (cardiovascular system, cortisol regulation, and pregnancy health), mind (attention capacity and mental health), and behavior (lower crime, better self-regulation, and more pro-social behaviors). We found much less research exploring the impacts of GSI on health.Summary Our findings show that for some of the specific categories of GI, such as trees, considerable evidence exists on the impacts on human health. For other categories, such as rain gardens, green roofs, or biodiverse plantings, however, there is scant evidence of a health impact. We believe it is likely that these forms of GI do impact human health and that the reason for the scarcity of evidence is that few careful studies have examined the impacts of newer forms of GI on specific human health outcomes. Future researchers should investigate the health effects of type, dose, frequency, and duration of exposure to GI and GSI.

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Section: Crimementioning

confidence: 87%

Green Infrastructure, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Human Health: A Review

Suppakittpaisarn

Jiang

Sullivan

2017

Curr Landscape Ecol Rep

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“…Studies that focused specifically on gun violence support the hypothesis that green space reduces this violence [11,34,36,40,[42][43][44][45][46]. Of the nine studies (two reported in a single publication by Branas et al [11]), six had the expected outcomes.…”

Section: Study Findingsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

Shepley

Sachs

Sadatsafavi

et al. 2019

IJERPH

118

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Can the presence of green space in urban environments reduce the frequency of violent crime? To ascertain the evidence on this topic, we conducted an in-depth literature review using the PRISMA checklist. The search parameters included US articles written in English and published since 2000. More than 30,000 potential paper titles were identified and ultimately, 45 papers were selected for inclusion. Green spaces typically comprised tree cover, parks and ground cover. Criminal behaviors typically included murder, assault, and theft. The majority of the research reviewed involved quantitative methods (e.g., comparison of green space area to crime data). We extracted multiple mechanisms from the literature that may account for the impact of green space on crime including social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and spaces expressing territorial definition. Recommendations are made for future research, such as meta-analysis of existing data and the development of grounded theory through qualitative data-gathering methods. By providing evidence that access to nature has a mitigating impact on violence in urban settings, city governments and communities are empowered to support these interventions.

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“…The detailed mechanism behind these observations remains unclear 44 . A tree-lined street may indicate cues of social order or property that is cared for, indicating territoriality, which could lead to less crime 45,46 . Alternatively, the cognitive benefits attained after exposure to natural elements may lead to less crime, as increased attention functioning has been shown to mediate reduced aggression [29][30][31] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Street Activity and Greenspace Usage Uniquely Contribute to Predicting Crime

Schertz¹,

Cardenas‐Iniguez²,

Bettencourt

et al. 2019

SSRN Journal

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Crime is a costly societal issue. While many factors influence urban crime, one less-studied but potentially important factor is neighborhood greenspace. Research has shown that greenspace is often negatively associated with crime. Measuring residents' use of greenspace, as opposed to mere physical presence, is critical to understanding this association. Here, we used cell phone mobility data to quantify local street activity and park visits in Chicago and New York City. We found that both factors were negatively associated with crime, while controlling for sociodemographic factors. Each factor explained unique variance, suggesting multiple pathways for the influence of street activity and greenspace on crime. Physical tree canopy had a smaller association with crime, and was only a significant predictor in Chicago. These findings were further supported by exploratory directed acyclic graph modeling, which found separate direct paths for both park visits and street activity with reductions in crime.

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The relationship between residential yard management and neighborhood crime: An analysis from Baltimore City and County

Cited by 53 publications

References 30 publications

Green Infrastructure, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Human Health: A Review

Green Infrastructure, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Human Health: A Review

The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

Neighborhood Street Activity and Greenspace Usage Uniquely Contribute to Predicting Crime

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