The relationship between salivary total antioxidant capacity and dental caries in children: A meta-analysis with assessment of moderators

Pani, Sharat Chandra

doi:10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_203_18

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…and Streptococcus spp., including Streptococcus mutans ( 110 ). In both cases, besides aiding microbial adhesion, this enzyme promotes starch breakdown leading to shorter glucose-containing polymers that can be either converted into acids by microorganisms or act as precursors for the synthesis of insoluble extracellular polysaccharides by S. mutans ( 111 ). Therefore, it is understood that the greater the salivary alpha-amylase activity, the greater the potential for the development of a highly cariogenic dental plaque.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of oral cavity protein abundance among caries-free and caries-affected individuals—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Silveira,

Prato,

Pilati

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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ObjectiveSome salivary proteins seem to be differently abundant among caries-free (CF) and caries-affected (CA) individuals, but previous results are contradictory precluding that definitive conclusion be drawn. A pooled analysis of the available evidence may provide more robust data on identifying oral cavity protein patterns among CF and CA individuals. This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42021269079) aimed to compare the oral cavity protein abundance among caries-free and caries-affected individuals.MethodsThis study was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically assessed (up to February 2023) to retrieve clinical studies written in English, German, or in Latin-based languages that compared the oral cavity protein abundance among CF and CA individuals. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment (NIH guidelines) were independently performed by two investigators. Qualitative synthesis was performed from all included studies and meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with inverse variance for studies that reported the concentration of proteins or enzymatic activity. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with respective 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each outcome.ResultsA total of 90 studies (two cohort and 88 cross-sectional designs) of more than 6,000 participants were selected for data extraction, being the quality of evidence graded as “fair” for most of them. The oral cavity of CF individuals presented lower total protein concentration [SMD = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.07–0.68; 18 studies)], lower total antioxidant capacity [SMD = 1.29 (95% CI: 0.74–1.85); 17 studies], and lower carbonic anhydrase activity [SMD = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.58–1.09); three studies], whereas CA individuals presented lower carbonic anhydrase concentration [SMD = −0.66 (95% CI: −1.00 to −0.32); three studies], urease [SMD = −0.95 (IC 95%: −1.72 to −0.17); four studies], and arginine deiminase system [SMD = −2.07 (95% CI: −3.53 to −0.62); three studies] activities. Antimicrobial peptides, secretory immunoglobulin-A concentrations and alpha-amylase activity were similar among individuals.ConclusionDifferences on oral cavity protein abundance were observed among CF and CA individuals. These data indicate some protein patterns for the oral health and dental caries conditions. Even when statistically significant, some of the results were not very consistent. Cohort studies need to be conducted to validate these results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of oral cavity protein abundance among caries-free and caries-affected individuals—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Silveira,

Prato,

Pilati

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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“…Salivary antioxidants may be able to serve as the initial line of defense to control the effects of oxidative stress. The oxidative stress will be countered by a collection of salivary enzymes that includes salivary peroxidase, salivary uric acid, and other minor enzymes [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malonaldehyde, a marker of oxidative stress as the end result of a chain reaction of lipid peroxidation, can be produced by dental caries, resulting in a reduction in antioxidant levels, causing more caries progression. So, there's a clear correlation between salivary total antioxidant capacity and tooth caries [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oral Vitamin D3 on Dental Caries: An In-Vivo and In-Vitro Study

Al-Jubori¹,

AL-Murad²,

Al-Mashhadane³

2022

Cureus

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Aim Vitamin D3 plays an important role in affecting the overall remineralization process of the dentition. The use of supplements help to keep the levels at optimum and thus reduce the chances of treating very early lesion of caries. Hence the aim was to investigate the indirect effects of oral vitamin D3 on microhardness and elemental weight percentage of Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorous (P) in enamel surface with an artificially initiated carious lesion. Methods The 120 extracted premolars were randomly divided into five groups according to salivary immersion. Each group had a total of twenty-four participants, with the following characteristics: control +ve: sound enamel; control -ve: only subjected to pH cycle; A: pH cycle and immersion in control saliva; B: pH cycle and saliva collected after three weeks; and C: pH cycle and saliva collected after six weeks. The unstimulated saliva was collected from (40) adult volunteers receiving vitamin D3 1000IU gel capsules daily for six weeks. Before each vitamin D3 intake, 10 mL of unstimulated control saliva was collected from each participant. Then other 10 ml. were collected after three and six weeks of vitamin D receiving periods. Saliva immersion time (12 hours). Enamel surface was assessed by Vicker’s Microhardness machine and (X-ray fluorescence - XRF) spectrometer. Results For all specimens, there was a significant decrease in both (Ca and P weight %) after demineralization and then they significantly increased after receiving vitamin D3. The microhardness and elemental analysis provide confirmed results that were represented as a statistically significant difference at (P≤ 0.05) between groups that received vitamin D3 and those without vitamin D3 dosage. Conclusions Oral vitamin D3 has a significant potential in motivating remineralization of early lesions on the enamel surfaces representing improved surface microhardness and minerals content (Ca and P weight %) of demineralized tooth surfaces.

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“…Endogenous antioxidants include compounds that act to reduce oxidative stress and the action of free radicals on the human body ( 15 – 17 ). It is thought that saliva, through salivary antioxidants, might act as the first line of defense against oxidative stress ( 18 , 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of salivary concentrations of leptin and adiponectin, ability to reduce ferric ions and total antioxidant capacity of saliva in patients with severe early childhood caries

Petrović

Stilinović²,

Tomás³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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IntroductionOne of the most common oral diseases affecting children is early childhood caries (ECC). The link between oxidative stress and ECC has been proven in numerous clinical studies. Technical and biological variability were so high in most of the studies that none of the markers have yet been proven suitable for routine clinical use. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant status and the levels of leptin and adiponectin in saliva of children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).MethodsMorning unstimulated saliva samples were collected from children (n = 40, 0–6 years old) for the evaluation of oxidative stress which were measured by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, as well as to assess the salivary levels of leptin and adiponectin. FRAP, TAC, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were evaluated in S-ECC group (n = 31) and caries free group CF (n = 9). All results were analyzed based on age and sex.ResultsOverall median salivary leptin and adiponectin levels were 5.59 pg/mL and 24.86 ng/mL, respectively. Significantly lower leptin levels were observed in saliva of caries free children (4.66 pg/mL) than in the S-ECC group (6.64 pg/mL, p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed for adiponectin levels (S-ECC and CF, 25.31 and 23.2 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.961). TAC and FRAP values of saliva had similar values in children with S-ECC and caries free children. TAC and FRAP values also remained stable with the age of the children, without significant differences with respect to sex.ConclusionThe increased concentrations of leptin in saliva of children with S-ECC suggests that leptin may play a role in inflammatory and immune responses in the development of early childhood caries.

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The relationship between salivary total antioxidant capacity and dental caries in children: A meta-analysis with assessment of moderators

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Comparison of oral cavity protein abundance among caries-free and caries-affected individuals—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Comparison of oral cavity protein abundance among caries-free and caries-affected individuals—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effect of Oral Vitamin D3 on Dental Caries: An In-Vivo and In-Vitro Study

Determination of salivary concentrations of leptin and adiponectin, ability to reduce ferric ions and total antioxidant capacity of saliva in patients with severe early childhood caries

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