The Relationship between Serum Levels of Interleukins 6, 8, 10 and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Sharhokh; Moghaddam, Anoush Dehnadi; Kazemnejad-Leili, Ehsan; Saneei, Zahra; Hosseinpour, Marieh; Kouchakinejad–Eramsadati, Leila; Razzaghi, Alireza; Mohtasham-Amiri, Zahra

doi:10.5812/atr.18357

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Here, NFL measured in the CSF is considered as the most sensitive biomarker for axonal injury [30]. TBI induces inflammation in the central nervous system and can be detected by measuring the inflammatory protein markers such as IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in CSF [31]. The levels of these markers in the ventricular CSF have been correlated with the prognosis in TBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Biomarkers and Neuroproteomics Characterization of Microvesicles/Exosomes from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2017

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Recently, there have been emerging interests in the area of microvesicles and exosome (MV/E) released from brain cells in relation to neurodegenerative diseases. However, only limited studies focused on MV/E released post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) as they highlight on the mechanistic roles of released proteins. This study sought to examine if CSF samples from severe TBI patients contain MV/E with unique protein contents. First, nanoparticle tracking analysis determined MV/E from TBI have a mode of 74-98 nm in diameter, while control CSF MV/E have a mode of 99-104 nm. Also, there are more MV/E were isolated from TBI CSF (27.8-33.6 × 10/mL) than from control CSF (13.1-18.5 × 10/mL). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) visualization also confirmed characteristic MV/E morphology. Using targeted immunoblotting approach, we observed the presence of several known TBI biomarkers such as αII-spectrin breakdown products (BDPs), GFAP, and its BDPs and UCH-L1 in higher concentrations in MV/E from TBI CSF than their counterparts from control CSF. Furthermore, we found presynaptic terminal protein synaptophysin and known exosome marker Alix enriched in MV/E from human TBI CSF. In parallel, we conducted nRPLC-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of two control and two TBI CSF samples. Ninety-one proteins were identified with high confidence in MV/E from control CSF, whereas 466 proteins were identified in the counterpart from TBI CSF. MV/E isolated from human CSF contain cytoskeletal proteins, neurite-outgrowth related proteins, and synaptic proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and complement protein C1q subcomponent subunit B. Taken together, following severe TBI, the injured human brain released increased number of extracellular microvesicles/exosomes (MV/E) into CSF. These TBI MV/E contain several known TBI biomarkers and previously undescribed brain protein markers. It is also possible that such TBI-specific MV/E might contain cell to cell communication factors related to both cell death signaling a well as neurodegeneration pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Biomarkers and Neuroproteomics Characterization of Microvesicles/Exosomes from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2017

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“…The secondary stage appears hours to days later as a consequence of the activation of signalling pathways that provoke oedema, inflammation and brain cell death [16]. The secondary injury is characterized by high levels of lactate [18], oxygen-free radicals [1], interleukins [19] and intracellular free Ca 2+ in response to the primary injury [20]. In addition, impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), excessive release of the neurotransmitter glutamate and dysfunction of mitochondria in the brain [21] contribute to the secondary injury.…”

Section: Cellular and Molecular Alterations After Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes Mediate Protective Actions of Estrogenic Compounds after Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2018

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem. It may result in severe neurological disabilities and in a variety of cellular metabolic alterations for which available therapeutic strategies are limited. In the last decade, the use of estrogenic compounds, which activate protective mechanisms in astrocytes, has been explored as a potential experimental therapeutic approach. Previous works have suggested estradiol (E2) as a neuroprotective hormone that acts in the brain by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). Several steroidal and nonsteroidal estrogenic compounds can imitate the effects of estradiol on ERs. These include hormonal estrogens, phytoestrogens and synthetic estrogens, such as selective ER modulators or tibolone. Current evidence of the role of astrocytes in mediating protective actions of estrogenic compounds after TBI is reviewed in this paper. We conclude that the use of estrogenic compounds to modulate astrocytic properties is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of TBI.

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“…Hal ini sesuai dengan yang telah dilaporkan oleh penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yaitu kadar serum IL-6 akan meningkat dalam 2 jam sampai 3 hari setelah trauma. 6 Nilai kadar serum IL-6 ini akan semakin meningkat pada cedera yang lebih buruk yang pada penelitian ini dikategorikan berdasarkan klasifikasi CT Marshall. Besar sampel yang terbatas dan variabel jenis kelamin yang tidak proporsional dapat berperan dalam kejadian ini, namun setelah faktor-faktor tersebut dipertahankan konstan, ditemukan bahwa pasien rata-rata mengalami peningkatan odds rasio untuk kategori CT Marshall lebih tinggi hampir dua kali lipat lebih besar.…”

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“…Berbagai agen pro dan anti-inflamasi seperti TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, dan IL-10, telah diamati berfluktuasi sebagai respons terhadap COT; oleh karena itu telah diselidiki kemampuannya sebagai biomarker yang dipertimbangkan untuk diagnosis COT dan prognosis. 1,6 Interleukin 6 (IL-6) telah banyak dipelajari sebagai penanda inflamasi di berbagai populasi. IL-6 adalah sitokin 20-30 kDa dengan sifat pleiotropik yang telah terbukti menjadi biomarker dikaitkan dengan berbagai keadaan penyakit.…”

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“…Penelitian tersebut mendukung premis bahwa protein yang terkait dengan inflamasi seperti IL-6 meningkat mengikuti COT. 3,6 Karateristik imaging dari CT scan kepala tanpa kontras dapat mengidentifikasi adanya atau perluasan dari kerusakan struktural pada penderita-penderita COT. Marshall computed tomography system (CT Marshall) adalah sistem klasifikasi neuroimaging yang paling luas digunakan dalam COT.…”

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Hubungan Kadar Interleukin 6 Serum dan Klasifikasi CT Marshal pada Penderita Cedera Otak Berat Akibat Trauma

Manginte¹,

Prasetyo²,

Oley³

2019

JBM

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Increase of interleukin 6 (IL-6) level occurs in the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI), however, studies about IL-6 as a prodictor based on CT-scan is still limited. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum IL-6 level and CT Marshall classification in patients with severe TBI. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. There were 20 patients with severe TBI admitted at the Emergency Surgery Installation of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado in this study. CT-scan was performed on them to determine the CT Marshall classification and to categorize the hemorrhage location (extra-axial, intra-axial, both), hemisphere (midline/diffuse, dextral, sinistral), and area (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, multiple). Venous blood sample used for IL-6 examination was drawn less than 24 hours after trauma. The results showed that mean IL-6 level was 22.0060 pg/mL (SD 4.64494 pg/mL). Patients were distributed relatively uniform in 4 detected categories (diffuse injury II, III, V, and VI) of CT Marshall classification. Final regression model consisted of IL-6, age, and temporal injury as predictors. The Spearman coefficient correlation showed rs = -0.005 (P=0.491). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between serum Il-6 level and CT Marshall classification, albeit, both of them increased consistantly following the severity of TBI and could be potential predictors to determine the prognosis of severe TBI patients.

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The Relationship between Serum Levels of Interleukins 6, 8, 10 and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Protein Biomarkers and Neuroproteomics Characterization of Microvesicles/Exosomes from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Protein Biomarkers and Neuroproteomics Characterization of Microvesicles/Exosomes from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Astrocytes Mediate Protective Actions of Estrogenic Compounds after Traumatic Brain Injury

Hubungan Kadar Interleukin 6 Serum dan Klasifikasi CT Marshal pada Penderita Cedera Otak Berat Akibat Trauma

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