The Relationship Between Social Capital and Hypertension Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: The Moderating Effect of Depressive Symptoms

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between social capital (SC) and hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, considering the moderation effects of depressive symptoms. Patients and Methods A total of 1761 Chinese T2DM patients completed measure scales of social capital and epidemiological survey depression scale (CES-D). The Bootstrap methods PROCESS program is employed to test the moderation model. Results The prevalence of hypertension among T2DM patients was 39.3%. The SC was negatively correlated with the CES-D score (r=−0.18, P<0.01); the SC was also negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r=−0.05, P<0.05); and the CES-D score was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=0.05, P<0.05). Both logistic regression analysis and the Bootstrap method showed that depressive symptoms weakened the protective effect of SC on hypertension, there existed a moderating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between SC and hypertension among T2DM patients. Conclusion Depressive symptoms may be one crucial moderator of the relationship between SC and hypertension in a representative sample of Chinese diabetes patients. The findings indicate that improving SC and mental health may help manage hypertension among T2DM patients.

The Relationship Between Social Capital and Hypertension Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: The Moderating Effect of Depressive Symptoms [Letter]

“…A Qualitative Study. 1 We congratulate the authors for the results of their research which saw a very valuable relationship in the world of health which provides information on how Social Capital influences Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and its impact on early symptoms of depression. This research is the latest breakthrough that combines two disciplines, namely internal medicine and psychology.…”

“…Ning Yan et al in their research found an inverse relationship between Social Capital and depressive symptoms, Social Capital and hypertension, and a positive relationship between depressive symptoms and hypertension. 1 Researchers also provide evidence that depressive symptoms moderate the relationship between Social Capital and hypertension. However, we need to know that income, diabetes duration, sleep duration, pain pressure, health self-assessment, and glycemic control directly affect depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, while age, frequency of blood glucose monitoring, and glycemic control awareness exercises have a direct effect indirect.…”

“…3 In conclusion, we agree that research has provided new facts showing that depressive symptoms moderate the relationship between Social Capital and hypertension and also provide new strategies to improve the management of hypertension so that it can directly improve mental health in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 1 We recommend this research to be able to proceed to further research that wants to explore further about other factors that can directly contribute to the mental health of patients suffering from other degenerative diseases because Social Capital produces a certain capability or capability in improving the quality of life of patients both directly or indirectly. 4…”

Prevalence and Determination of Hypertension among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Primary Health Care Centres

“…Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is characterized by elevated systemic arterial pressure, while diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. (Haile et al, 2023;Malikovna & Erkinovna, 2023;Yan et al, 2023).…”