The Relationships Between Weight Status and Physical Fitness Among Chinese Children and Youth

Zhang, Yunyun; Sichen, Liu; Li, Youfa; Li, Xin; Ren, Ping; Luo, Fei

doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1603768

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The present study showed that both malnutrition and overnutrition have adverse effects on physical fitness, which is consistent with previous studies [27,28]. The prevalence of stunting and underweight in 1985 was 10.3% and 1.7%, respectively, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity combined was 0.9%; the former was likely the cause of the decline in physical fitness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We assessed trends in physical fitness by age group and nutrition status among children and adolescents in Xinjiang during 1985–2014. The data of 49,357 participants aged 7–18 were extracted in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2014. Growth and nutritional status were defined using World Health Organization definitions. A physical fitness indicator (PFI) was calculated as the sum of six components measured in every survey. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and PFI was investigated using nonlinear regression. Taking 1985 as a reference, PFI increased to 2 in 1995 and then fell sharply to −2.8 in 2005 and −3.8 in 2014. The prevalence of normal weight increased from 87.5% in 1985 to 89.4% in 1995 and then decreased to 75.2%, consistent with the change in PFI. The relationship between BMI and PFI showed an inverted U-shaped curve. The largest increment occurred in boys aged 13–15 and girls aged 16–18 during 1985–1995; the largest decline occurred in boys and girls aged 10–12 during 1995–2005. Our research provides a reference for local governments providing nutrition subsidies and projects in southern Xinjiang, indicating that greater attention is needed for children aged 7–12.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The inverse association between BMI and CRF in children has been well-established (42,43). Likely, we found that both baseline and changes in BMI were inversely associated with changes in CRF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Independent and Interactive Associations of Fitness and Fatness With Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis

Shang

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Background: Findings for associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors are inconsistent, and the interactive association between CRF and fatness with CMR factors is unclear in children. Our study aimed to examine whether CRF and fatness are independently and interactively associated with CMR factors. Methods: We included 5,869 children aged 6-13 years in the analysis. Physical examinations, blood tests, and CRF were measured at baseline and 1 year later. Cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z scores of waist circumference (WC), averaged systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, multiplied by −1), and triglycerides. Results: There was a high correlation between fatness and CRF in both boys and girls. High baseline CRF was independently associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, percent body fat (PBF), total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C (all P < 0.025). Improved CRF was independently associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, PBF, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and fasting glucose (all P < 0.0321). Baseline BMI was positively associated with changes in CMRS, WC, blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.0462). Low PBF at baseline was associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, blood pressure, HDL-C, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.0423). The percentage of the total effect of baseline CRF on changes in CMRS, triglycerides, HDL-C, PBF, and WC mediated by baseline BMI was 66.0, 61.6, 40.3, 20.7, and 9.2%, respectively. Baseline CRF was a Shang et al. Fitness and Fatness With Cardiometabolic Risk significant mediator for the association between baseline BMI and changes in CMRS (mediated by 4.3%), triglycerides (5.1%), and HDL-C (12.0%). An inverse association was found between baseline CRF and CMRS in children with high baseline BMI/PBF only. Improved CRF was associated with decreased BMI and WC in children with low baseline CRF. Conclusions: Fatness and CRF are each independently associated with changes in CMR factors. Fatness is a major mediator for the association between CRF and CMR factors, whereas the association between fatness and CMR factors is also mediated by CRF. The beneficial effect of high CRF on CMR factors was more evident in obese or unfit children.

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“…Both malnutrition problems (over-and underweight) are affecting healthcare costs. Scientific evidence suggests that the global trend of a steadily increasing percentage of both overweight and underweight individuals is increasingly affecting children and young people [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tabata Training During Physical Education Classes on Body Composition, Aerobic Capacity, and Anaerobic Performance of Under-, Normal- and Overweight Adolescents

Domaradzki

Cichy

Rokita

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Physical education classes often fail to include sufficient exercise intensity to induce changes in body tissue composition and physical fitness. Short-term high-intensity interval training protocols incorporated into physical education lessons are one possible solution to this problem. Existing studies have not examined how individuals differing in body mass index (e.g., normal-weight, underweight) respond to high-intensity interval training exercises. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Tabata protocol on body composition measurements, aerobic capacity, and motor performance in underweight and overweight adolescents (the experimental groups) vs normal-weight adolescents (here regarded as the control group). The sample included 58 adolescents (28 boys, mean age = 16.2 years; 30 girls, mean age = 16.2 years) who completed the high-intensity interval training and the following set of measurements pre- and post- intervention: height, weight, body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio, physical efficiency index (based on the Harvard Step Test), agility (in 4 × 10 shuttle run test), and lower-limb muscle power in vertical jump. The results showed that high-intensity interval training was effective in reducing body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage only in overweight individuals. Improvement in aerobic capacity was found only in underweight and overweight boys. Further research should focus on the development of customized exercise protocols and their adaptation to girls and assess the sustainability of the changes induced.

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The Relationships Between Weight Status and Physical Fitness Among Chinese Children and Youth

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014

Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014

Independent and Interactive Associations of Fitness and Fatness With Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis

Effects of Tabata Training During Physical Education Classes on Body Composition, Aerobic Capacity, and Anaerobic Performance of Under-, Normal- and Overweight Adolescents

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