The Reliability of Common Functional Performance Tests within an Experimental Test Battery for the Lower Extremities

Scinicarelli, Giordano; Trofenik, Marko; Froböse, Ingo; Wilke, Christiane

doi:10.3390/sports9070100

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This is because the side hop test is difficult, and many of the test subjects performed it for the first time. Scinicarelli et al examined the reproducibility of the side hop test at seven days [ 35 ]. They reported good reproducibility, but significant improvement on the non-dominant side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of vertical trunk supportability improvement on one-leg rebound jump efficiency

Kinoshita

Ishida²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vertical trunk supportability improvement on activities. The study participants were 36 people. Trunk function and physical performance were evaluated using the following tests: trunk righting test (TRT), maximal isometric knee extensor strength test, side hop test, triple hop distance test, stabilometry of one-leg standing, and one-leg rebound jump. The measurement was performed three times: pre-trunk training (pre), post-trunk training for 1 month (post), and 2 months after the second measurement (detraining). Details of trunk training: Two sets of 30-s maximal lateral reach exercises on each side, following the four sets of 15-s maximal raising trunk exercises on each side. The results with TRT in post-training were significantly larger than those in pre-and detraining. Similarly, the results with one-leg rebound jump efficiency in post-training were significantly larger than those in pre-and detraining. Our findings indicate that jump efficiency changes in proportion to the change in vertical trunk supportability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of vertical trunk supportability improvement on one-leg rebound jump efficiency

Kinoshita

Ishida²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…The YBT ( Figure 1 ) is a reliable and valid test used to measure single-leg DBP, knee stability, and postural control in young populations [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The Y-Balance Test Kit (Move2Perform ® , Evansville, IN, USA) was used for this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The YBT was performed unilaterally and the leg to be tested first was randomly assigned to avoid learning or fatigue effects. The test was performed in accordance with the standardised procedures proposed in a recent study by Scinicarelli et al [ 22 ]. Players started in a single-leg upright standing position, with the toes of the standing leg at the marked red line of the instrument and the hands fixed on the hip to avoid the influence of arm swing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LEFT is a reliable and valid test for the measurement of MDS, athletic fitness, and fatigue resistance by performing a series of 16 specific manoeuvres as fast as possible, including forward and backward sprinting, sidestepping, cross-stepping, 45° and 90° cutting [ 7 , 22 , 24 , 33 ]. The LEFT has been chosen because it requires minimal equipment, is quick to perform, and has been demonstrated to assess athletic fitness and return to sport readiness in youth soccer players [ 7 , 22 , 24 , 33 ]. The list of the 16 specific manoeuvres to be performed respect the guidelines provided by Brumitt et al [ 7 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Multidirectional Speed Performance, Dynamic Balance and Chronological Age in Young Soccer Players

Scinicarelli

Offerhaus

Feodoroff

et al. 2022

JFMK

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The ability to maintain a stable single-leg balance stance during a fast change of direction movement is a fundamental aspect both for improving sport-specific skills and for prevention strategies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between multidirectional speed performance (MDS), dynamic balance performance (DBP), and chronological age in young and uninjured soccer players. In addition, it was examined whether chronological age and balance can predict variance in speed performance. One-hundred forty-six young male soccer players (age range 11–19) performed the y-balance test (YBT) and the lower extremity functional test (LEFT). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were executed. The analyses were carried out on the further variables: for the DBP, the YBT composite score % (CS dominant leg/CS non-dominant leg) and limb symmetry index % (LSI) were used; for the MDS, the LEFT time in seconds (s) was used. Findings revealed LEFT scores to have a significant association with chronological age (p = 0.000), CS dominant (p = 0.019) and LSI (p = 0.044) of the YBT. In addition, CS dominant and chronological age explained the variance of the LEFT by 44%, regardless of LSI. To conclude, MDS revealed a strong association with DBP of the dominant side but a small association with LSI. In addition, a small association was found between quick LEFT times and older players. Finally, MDS variance can be predicted from DBP of the dominant side and chronological age in young soccer players. The tests used in this study could be useful screening tools for the detection of performance deficits, the implementation of prevention training programs, and the optimization of selection strategies in soccer academies.

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“…It is also essential that the single-leg hop tests provide some quantifiable measure that can be evaluated at consecutive points in time with broadly accepted parameters like the hop distance, the between-limbs symmetry, and the time of performing the test [ 4 ]. It was proven in many settings that single-leg hop tests provide good to excellent reliability levels in healthy individuals [ 15 , 16 ] and ACL-reconstructed patients [ 7 , 17 , 18 ]. Because the analysis of the results of individual tests can be time-consuming and its variability may cause confusion, some authors propose identifying fewer but more predictive tests to reduce the number of data [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compound Hop Index for Assessing Soccer Players’ Performance

Oleksy

Królikowska

Mika

et al. 2022

JCM

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Athletes regularly have to pass a series of tests, among which one of the most frequently used functional performance measures are single-leg hop tests. As the collected individual results of tests constitute a large amount of data, strategies to decrease the amount of data without reducing the number of performed tests are being searched for. Therefore, the study aimed to present an effective method to reduce the hop-test battery data to a single score, namely, the Compound Hop Index (CHI) in the example of a soccer team. A male, first-league soccer team performed a battery of commonly used single-leg hop tests, including single hop and triple hop for distance tests and the six-meter timed hop test. Gathered data, including Limb Symmetry Indexes of the three tests, normalized to body height for the single- and triple-hop-tests distance separately for right and left legs, and the time of the six-meter timed hop test separately for right and left legs were standardized to z-scores. Consecutively, the z-scores were averaged and formed CHI. The developed CHI represents a novel score derived from the average of z-scores that significantly reduces, clarifies, and organizes the hop performance-measures data.

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The Reliability of Common Functional Performance Tests within an Experimental Test Battery for the Lower Extremities

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

The effects of vertical trunk supportability improvement on one-leg rebound jump efficiency

The effects of vertical trunk supportability improvement on one-leg rebound jump efficiency

The Association between Multidirectional Speed Performance, Dynamic Balance and Chronological Age in Young Soccer Players

A Compound Hop Index for Assessing Soccer Players’ Performance

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