The Required Land Area for Installing a Photovoltaic Power Plant

Abstract

A B S T R A C TTill now the conversion efficiency of the commercial photovoltaic (PV) solar modules is in the range of 14 to 20%. Therefore, PV power plants need very large area to achieve the desired output power. This paper presents some proper calculations to estimate land area occupied by the PV array. Calculations for the minimum and the maximum land area for a range of PV array with power capacity from 1 to 250 kW for different latitudes in the northern hemisphere were presented. Six different PV modules were selected for the calculation. A group of correlations are presented to roughly estimate both the land area and the number of PV modules per row as a function of the total power capacity required. In addition, correlations suggested to calculate the spacing between the rows in the PV array as a function of local latitude.

Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Elderly in Residential Complexes

“…INTRODUCTION 1 Global warming, increasing population, and urban density highlight the importance of paying attention to the impact of buildings design on outdoor thermal comfort . Since 2002, the world's primary energy demand increased 1.7% per year, and it is expected to expand more than 50% by 2030 [1]. One of the factors that cause climate change is an increasing trend in generation of greenhouse gases [2].…”