“…Ahadzi and Bowles [36] state that, the whole PPP procurement mechanism may be segregated into four stages, i.e., planning and feasibility study phase, bidding, and negotiation phase, construction phase, and operation phase, with the possible addition of relocation and renegotiation phase. According to Wang and Dai [41], there are five various types of methodologies that can be used in PPP tenders; open competitive tendering, invited tendering, registered lists, project specified prequalification and shortlisting, and negotiated tendering.…”