The respiratory system

Tisserand, Robert; Young, Rodney

doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06241-4.00006-0

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…This sensory system, called the common chemical sense (CCS), may have evolved as a warning system for potentially hazardous chemicals. It evokes sensations, such as irritation, tickling, burning, warming, cooling, and stinging in the nasal and oral cavities, and in the cornea, via pain receptors and the trigeminal nerve (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Repeated 28-Day Oral Dose Toxicity Studies of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil in Rats

et al. 2019

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Thymus vulgaris L. is widely used as an ingredient in cooking and in herbal medicine. However, there is little information about its toxicity. The present study was performed to evaluate the acute and repeated 28-day oral dose toxicity of thyme essential oil in rats. For the acute toxicity test, two groups of three rats were used. The rats received a single dose of essential oil: 300 or 2,000 mg/kg of body weight (bw). The rats were observed individually during the first four hours, and then daily until day 14. For the toxicity test with repeated doses, four groups of 10 rats were used. Doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day were tested for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected and the animals were sacrificed. Histopathological examination showed that in the lungs of rats given the 2,000 mg/kg bw dose, polymorph nuclear infiltrates, hemosiderin macrophages, and interstitial space thickening were present. In the repeated dose study, all rats survived the 28-day treatment period and apparently showed no signs of toxicity. The hematological and biochemical parameters were not altered. The histopathological study of the organs showed severe changes in the lung, with the dose of 500 mg/kg/day; in the other organs, no alterations were observed or the changes were slight. The body weight was only altered in male rats given the 500 mg/kg dose. The relative weight of the organs did not show any significant changes. Our studies revealed that the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris has moderate oral toxicity according to the results of the acute test, whereas the results of the 28-day oral toxicity test suggest that the no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL) is greater than 250 mg/kg/day.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Repeated 28-Day Oral Dose Toxicity Studies of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil in Rats

et al. 2019

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“…Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [54] were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We used a 30 m capillary column DB5-MS, 0.25 mm internal diameter with a film thickness of 0.25 µm (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).…”

Section: Analyses Of Naphthalene Concentrations Using Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas

Imperato

Portillo‐Estrada

Saran

et al. 2021

JoF

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Plants can ‘catch’ and mitigate airborne pollutants and are assisted by fungi inhabiting their leaves. The structure and function of the fungal communities inhabiting the phyllosphere of hornbeam trees growing in two chronically polluted areas, the oilfield of Bóbrka and the city center of Warsaw, were compared to the ones growing in one nature reserve, the Białowieża National Park. Fungi were isolated and characterized both phylogenetically and functionally for their potential role in air pollution mitigation. Both culture-dependent (e.g., enzyme assays and tolerance tests) and culture-independent methods (e.g., ITS and shotgun sequencings) were used. Furthermore, the degradation potential of the fungi was assessed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Shotgun sequencing showed that the phyllosphere fungal communities were dominated by fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. Aureobasidium was the only genus detected at the three locations with a relative abundance ≥1.0%. Among the cultivated epiphytic fungi from Bóbrka, Fusarium sporotrichioides AT11, Phoma herbarum AT15, and Lophiostoma sp. AT37 showed in vitro aromatic hydrocarbon degradation potential with laccase activities of 1.24, 3.62, and 7.2 μU L−1, respectively, and peroxidase enzymes with activities of 3.46, 2.28, and 7.49 μU L−1, respectively. Furthermore, Fusarium sporotrichioides AT11 and Phoma herbarum AT15 tolerated exposure to airborne naphthalene and benzene. Lophiostoma sp. AT37 was the most tolerant to exposure to these pollutants, in line with being the best potential aromatic hydrocarbon degrader isolated in this study.

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“…Mainly ground-level ozone is generated by the interaction of volatile organic compounds with nitrogen oxides in the atmospheric layer. Further, smog was formed by the reaction of this ground-level ozone and volatile organic compounds [ 4 ]. Thus, produced ground-level ozone and smog had produced drastic changes in the climate, and environment, affecting the health of creatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on biofiltration techniques: recent advancements in the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the treatment of polluted water

et al. 2022

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Good quality of water determines the healthy life of living beings on this earth. The cleanliness of water was interrupted by the pollutants emerging out of several human activities. Industrialization, urbanization, heavy population, and improper disposal of wastes are found to be the major reasons for the contamination of water. Globally, the inclusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals released by manufacturing industries, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemical processes have created environmental issues. The toxic nature of these pollutants has led researchers, scientists, and industries to exhibit concern toward the complete eradication of them. In this scenario, the development of wastewater treatment methodologies at low cost and in an eco-friendly way had gained importance at the international level. Recently, bio-based technologies were considered for environmental remedies. Biofiltration-based works have shown a significant result for the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the treatment of wastewater. This was done with several biological sources such as bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, yeasts, etc. The biofiltration technique is cost-effective, simple, biocompatible, sustainable, and eco-friendly compared to conventional techniques. This review article provides deep insight into biofiltration technologies engaged in the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process.

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The respiratory system

Cited by 8 publications

References 169 publications

Acute and Repeated 28-Day Oral Dose Toxicity Studies of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil in Rats

Acute and Repeated 28-Day Oral Dose Toxicity Studies of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil in Rats

Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas

A review on biofiltration techniques: recent advancements in the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the treatment of polluted water

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