The Reversible Cyclic Universe in the Reversible Multiverse and the Reversible String Theory

Chung, Ding-Yu

doi:10.4236/jmp.2015.69130

Cited by 4 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…3) The formation of the 10D particle dual universe As described previously [9], the transformation of strings into particles came from the emergence of positive charge and negative charge that allowed the mutual annihilation of positively charged 10D strings and negatively charged 10D antistrings in the 10D string universes to produce positively charged 10D particles and negatively pre-charged 10D antiparticles in the 10D particle universes as follows. …”

Section: Cosmology and The Reversible Multiverse Postulate For All Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in the RS1 of the Randall-Sundrum model, the two branes with equal mass-energy in the 11D anti-de Sitter space are the string brane with weak gravity and the external graviton brane with strong gravity. The weak gravity in the string brane is the predecessor of the observed weak gravity generated during the Big Bang [2] [9]. The external graviton in the external graviton brane is the predecessor of a part of the observed dark energy [11].…”

Section: Cosmology and The Reversible Multiverse Postulate For All Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The external graviton in the external graviton brane is the predecessor of a part of the observed dark energy [11]. The 10D string brane and the 10D external graviton brane correspond to the predecessors of the observed universe (without dark energy) and a part of observed dark energy, respectively [2] [9]. The reverse transformation from 10D to 11D is the RS1 string transformation.…”

Section: Cosmology and The Reversible Multiverse Postulate For All Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For our asymmetrical dual universe, the step 3 for the transformation of 10D string into 10D particle had to be followed by the step 4, so the electromagnetic interaction from the step 3 was unified with the weak interaction from the step 4 to become the electroweak interaction, which was generated during the Big Bang [2] [9]. a) The formation of the 4D positive-energy particle universe The formation of 4D positive-energy particle universe involved the two-step transformation: 1.the inflation and 2, the Big Bang.…”

Section: Cosmology and The Reversible Multiverse Postulate For All Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The posited theory of everything based on the three postulates explains: 1) cosmology [7] [9]- [11], 2) the composition (baryonic matter, dark matter, and dark energy) in the universe [9] [11] [12], 3) the periodic table of elementary particles [2]- [4] for all elementary particles (quarks, leptons, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and the knees-ankles-toe in cosmic rays), 4) the galaxy evolution [13] [14], 5) superconductivity [15], and 6) black hole [16] [17], 7) thermodynamics [7], and 8) quantum mechanics [6] [7]. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the observations, and the calculated values from cosmology, the composition in the universe, and the periodic table of elementary particles are in good agreement with the observed values.…”

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The Three Postulates of the Theory of Everything

Chung¹

2016

JMP

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The three postulates of the posited dynamic and reversible theory of everything are: 1) the oscillating M-theory postulate for the oscillating matter structure, 2) the digital transitional Higgs-reversed Higgs fields postulate for the digital space structure, and 3) the reversible multiverse postulate for all physical laws and phenomena. The posited theory of everything based on the three postulates explains cosmology, the composition (baryonic matter, dark matter, and dark energy) in the universe, the periodic table of elementary particles (quarks, leptons, and bosons), the galaxy evolution, superconductivity, black hole, thermodynamic, and quantum mechanics. Oscillating M-theory is derived from oscillating membrane-string-particle whose space-time dimension number oscillates between 11D and 10D and between 10D and 4D. Space-time dimension number between 10 and 4 decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The digital transitional Higgs-reversed Higgs fields are derived from digital attachment-detachment spaces which couple to particles. Under spontaneous symmetry breaking, the coupling of massless particle to zero-energy attachment space (the space for mass) produces the transitional nonzero-energy Higgs field-particle composite which under spontaneous symmetry restoring produces massive particle on zero-energy attachment space with the longitudinal component. The opposite of attachment space is detachment space as the space for kinetic energy and the nonzero-energy reverse Higgs field. The combination of n units of attachment space (denoted as 1) and n units of detachment space (denoted as 0) brings about the three digital structures: binary partition space (1)n(0)n, miscible space (1 + 0) n , and binary lattice space (1 0) n to account for quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the force fields, respectively. In the third postulate, all physical laws and phenomena are permanently reversible in the multiverse, and temporary irreversible entropy increase is allowed. Our universe is an asymmetrical dual positive-energy-negative-energy universe where the positive-energy universe on attachment space absorbed the interuniversal void on detachment space to result in the combination of attachment space and detachment space, while the negative-energy universe did not absorb the interuniversal void, resulting in temporary irreversible entropy increase through reversibility breaking, symmetry violation, and low entropy beginning. Guided by the reversible negative-energy universe, D.-Y. Chung 643 our dual universe is a globally reversible cyclic dual universe.

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Section: Cosmology and The Reversible Multiverse Postulate For All Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cosmology and The Reversible Multiverse Postulate For All Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cosmology and The Reversible Multiverse Postulate For All Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cosmology and The Reversible Multiverse Postulate For All Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Three Postulates of the Theory of Everything

Chung¹

2016

JMP

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The Theory of Everything as the Reversibility Theory

Chung¹

2015

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In the posited reversibility theory, 1) all physical laws and phenomena are permanently reversible, 2) all physical laws are derived from the reversible M-theory (extension of string theory) in the reversible multiverse, and 3) temporary irreversible entropy increase is allowed through reversibility breaking, symmetry breaking, and low entropy beginning. Dealing with all physical laws and phenomena, the reversibility theory is the theory of everything, including thermodynamic, cosmology, the composition (baryonic matter, dark matter, and dark energy) in the universe, the periodic table of all elementary particles, the galaxy evolution, superconductivity, and black hole. In the reversible M-theory, space-time dimension number oscillates between 11D (space-time dimension) and 10D and between 10D and 4D. The reversible M-theory includes 11D membrane, 10D string, and variable D particle. Space-time dimension number between 10 and 4 decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. In our dual universe of positive-negative energy universe, the reversible oscillation between 10D with and 4D in the negative energy universe without kinetic energy is the reversible cyclic fractionalization-condensation for the reversible cyclic expansion-contraction of the universe. Without kinetic energy, the individual particles have no individual momenta for entropy increase. The negative energy universe is the locally reversible universe for dark energy. In the positive energy universe where we live, the absorption of the interuniversal void forced the direct transformation from 10D to 4D as the inflation followed by the Big Bang, and created kinetic energy that provided individual momenta for individual particles to produce irreversible entropy increase, resulting in the reversibility breaking of the reversible oscillation. The positive energy universe is the locally irreversible universe. The dual universe as a whole is reversible guided by the reversible negative energy universe. As a result, the irreversible positive energy universe with the irreversible entropy increase is temporary, and will disappear.

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The Integer-Fraction Principle of the Digital Electric Charge for Quarks and Quasiparticles

Chung¹

2016

JMP

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In the integer-fraction principle of the digital electric charge, individual integral charge and individual fractional charge are the digital representations of the allowance and the disallowance of irreversible kinetic energy, respectively. The disallowance of irreversible kinetic energy for individual fractional charge brings about the confinement of individual fractional charges to restrict irreversible movement resulted from irreversible kinetic energy. Collective fractional charges are confined by the short-distance confinement force field where the sum of the collective fractional charges is integer. As a result, fractional charges are confined and collective. The confinement force field includes gluons in QCD (quantum chromodynamics) for collective fractional charge quarks in hadrons and the magnetic flux quanta for collective fractional charge quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). The collectivity of fractional charges requires the attachment of energy as flux quanta to bind collective fractional charges. The integer-fraction transformation from integral charges to fractional charges consists of the three steps: 1) the attachment of an even number of flux quanta to individual integral charge fermions to form individual integral charge composite fermions, 2) the attachment of an odd number of flux quanta to individual integral charge composite fermions to form transitional collective integral charge composite bosons, and 3) the conversion of flux quanta into the confinement force field to confine collective fractional charge composite fermions converted from composite bosons. The charges of quarks are fractional, because QCD (the strong force) emerges in the universe that has no irreversible kinetic energy. Kinetic energy emerged in the universe after the emergence of the strong force. The charges of the quasiparticles in the FQHE are fractional because of the confinement by a two-dimensional system, the Landau levels, and an extremely low temperature and the collectivity by high energy magnetic flux quanta. From the integer-fraction transformation from integral charge electrons to fractional charge quarks, the calculated masses of pion, muon and constituent quarks are in excellent agreement with the observed values.

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The Reversible Cyclic Universe in the Reversible Multiverse and the Reversible String Theory

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

The Three Postulates of the Theory of Everything

The Three Postulates of the Theory of Everything

The Theory of Everything as the Reversibility Theory

The Integer-Fraction Principle of the Digital Electric Charge for Quarks and Quasiparticles

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