The revised Landau hydrodynamic model and the pseudorapidity distributions of produced charged particles in high energy heavy ion collisions

Abstract

Using the revised Landau hydrodynamic model and taking into account the effect of leading particles, we discuss the pseudorapidity distributions of produced charged particles in high energy heavy ion collisions. As usual, the leading particles here mean the particles which inherit the quantum numbers of colliding nucleons and carry off most parts of the incident energy. We argue that the rapidity distributions of leading particles have the Gaussian form with the normalization constant being equal to the number of participants. We find that the results from the hydrodynamic model alone are not consistent with the experimental data carried out by BNL-RHIC-PHOBOS Collaboration in Au + Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV. Only after the contributions from leading particles are included, can the experimental measurements be described well.

The Evolution-Dominated Hydrodynamic Model and the Pseudorapidity Distributions in High Energy Physics

“…Along with the successful description of elliptic flow and multiplicity production in heavy ion collisions [1][2][3][4], relativistic hydrodynamics has now been widely accepted as one of the most important tools for understanding the space-time evolution of the matter created in collisions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. With the specified initial conditions, the equation of state and the freeze-out conditions, the motion of fluid relies only on the local energy-momentum conservation and the assumption of local thermal equilibrium.…”

Particles Multiplicity Based on Rapidity in Landau and Artificial Neural Network(ANN) Models

“…A recent analysis of experimental data shows that the Landau hydrodynamical technique produces conclusions that are consistent with experiment [1,10,55,56]. A quantitative analyses use an approximate form of the Landau rapidity distribution.…”

Rapidity Distribution within Landau hydrodynamical model and EPOS event-generator at RHIC Energies

“…The collision of two strongly Lorentz contracted systems was reported by Fermi and Landau in the 1950s [9,28,29]. These beginning circumstances were placed in the context of three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamics by Landau [30]. It is assumed that the evolution is isentropic, and viscosity is not taken into account [31].…”

“…Laterly, for the purpose of quantitative analysis of the hydrodynamic evolution and after a series of calculated treatments, Eq. ( 10) is approximately taken as a Gaussian distribution and expressed as: [9,30,31,36,37]…”