The Rise in Prevalence and Related Costs of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in South Korea, 2010–2021

Kim, Joong-Yub; Kwak, Nakwon; Yim, Jae-Joon

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac649

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar data were reported in multiple studies conducted in Europe and Asia. For instance, in Denmark, the incidence of NTM-related diseases increased from 1.3/100,000 in 2013 to 2.5/100,000 in 2021 [10][11][12][13]. Moreover, recent reports highlight a concerning increase in the prevalence of Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs), a rapidly growing and hard-to-treat NTM [14].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs for treating infections caused by non-tubercular mycobacteria: a narrative review from the study group on mycobacteria of the Italian Society of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine

Calcagno,

Coppola,

Sarmati

et al. 2024

Infection

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Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are generally free-living organism, widely distributed in the environment, with sporadic potential to infect. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the global incidence of NTM-related disease, spanning across all continents and an increased mortality after the diagnosis has been reported. The decisions on whether to treat or not and which drugs to use are complex and require a multidisciplinary approach as well as patients’ involvement in the decision process. Methods and Results This review aims at describing the drugs used for treating NTM-associated diseases emphasizing the efficacy, tolerability, optimization strategies as well as possible drugs that might be used in case of intolerance or resistance. We also reviewed data on newer compounds highlighting the lack of randomised clinical trials for many drugs but also encouraging preliminary data for others. We also focused on non-pharmacological interventions that need to be adopted during care of individuals with NTM-associated diseases Conclusions Despite insufficient efficacy and poor tolerability this review emphasizes the improvement in patients’ care and the needs for future studies in the field of anti-NTM treatments.

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Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs for treating infections caused by non-tubercular mycobacteria: a narrative review from the study group on mycobacteria of the Italian Society of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine

Calcagno,

Coppola,

Sarmati

et al. 2024

Infection

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“…Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has been steadily increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. In South Korea, the annual prevalence of NTM diseases increased from 11.4 to 56.7 cases per 100,000 population between 2010 and 2021 [ 3 ]. Moreover, the proportion of patients aged 65 years or older increased by 20%, while during these 12 years, the direct medical expenditure for NTM disease increased nearly six-fold, leading to a significant burden on healthcare systems [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in South Korea: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data

Lee,

Kim,

Chang

et al. 2024

Tuberc Respir Dis

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Background Despite the global increase in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), clinical characteristics show geographical variations. We investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with NTM-PD in South Korea. Methods We systematically reviewed articles concerning patients with NTM-PD in South Korea until February 2022. Individual participant data, regardless of treatment, were collected using a standard case report form. Results Data of 6,489 patients from 11 hospitals between 2002 and 2019 were analyzed. The mean age was 61.5±11.7 years, of whom 57.7% were women. Mycobacterium avium (41.4%) and Mycobacterium intracellulare (38.4%) comprised most of the causative species, followed by Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus (8.6%) and M. abscessus subspecies massiliense (7.8%). Bronchiectasis (59.4%) was the most common pulmonary comorbidity. Although reported cases of NTM-PD increased over the years, the proportions of causative species and radiologic forms remained similar. Distinct clinical characteristics were observed according to age and sex. Men were older at the time of diagnosis (median 63.8 years vs. 59.9 years, p<0.001), and had more cavitary lesions than women (38.8% vs. 21.0%, p<0.001). The older group (≥65 years) had higher proportions of patients with body mass index <18.5 kg/m 2 (27.4% vs. 18.6%, p<0.001) and cavitary lesions (29.9% vs. 27.6%, p=0.009) than the younger group. Conclusion We conducted a meta-analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with NTM-PD in South Korea, and found age- and sex-related differences in disease-specific severity. Further investigation would enhance our comprehension of the nature of the disease, and inherited and acquired host factors.

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“…(1,2) According to recent studies from various regions, the incidence and prevalence of NTM pulmonary infection-the most common form of NTM infection-in the general population are estimated to be 18-45 per 100,000 person-years and 15-57 per 100,000 people, respectively. (3)(4)(5)(6) Epidemiological data show that NTM infection has been increasing worldwide in recent years, (7,8) and in some countries, including Japan, the infection rate of NTM has surpassed that of tuberculosis. (4,9) The high-risk groups for NTM infection include the elderly, patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and immunocompromised individuals due to various factors such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, inborn errors of immunity (IEI), chemotherapy, and post organ transplantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Japanese retrospective study of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in children, adolescents, and young adult patients with hematologic-oncologic diseases

Tsumura,

Muramatsu,

Tetsuka

et al. 2023

haematol

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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (NTM) is rare in healthy children, with lymphadenitis being the most common presentation. Immunocompromised populations are known to be at high risk, but the clinical picture of NTM infection in pediatric hematology/oncology patients is unclear. In this nationwide retrospective analysis of patients under the age of 40 treated in Japanese pediatric hematology/oncology departments who developed NTM infection between January 2010 and December 2020, 36 patients (21 patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and 15 nontransplant patients) were identified. Post-transplant patients were infected with NTM at 24 sites, including the lungs (n = 12), skin and soft tissues (n = 6), bloodstream (n = 4), and others (n = 2). Nine of twelve patients with pulmonary NTM infection had a history of pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGM) were isolated from five of them. In nontransplant patients, the primary diseases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 5), inborn errors of immunity (IEI; n = 6), and others (n = 4). All cases of ALL had bloodstream infections with RGM, whereas all cases of IEI were infected with slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM). In summary, three typical clinical scenarios for pediatric hematology/oncology patients have been established: RGM-induced pulmonary disease in patients with pulmonary GVHD, RGM bloodstream infection in patients with ALL, and SGM infection in patients with IEI. Our findings suggest that NTM must be regarded as a pathogen for infections in these high-risk patients, especially those with pulmonary GVHD, who may require active screening for NTM.

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The Rise in Prevalence and Related Costs of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in South Korea, 2010–2021

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Drugs for treating infections caused by non-tubercular mycobacteria: a narrative review from the study group on mycobacteria of the Italian Society of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine

Drugs for treating infections caused by non-tubercular mycobacteria: a narrative review from the study group on mycobacteria of the Italian Society of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine

Epidemiological Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in South Korea: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data

A Japanese retrospective study of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in children, adolescents, and young adult patients with hematologic-oncologic diseases

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