The RNA Interference Proteins and Vasa Locus are Involved in the Silencing of Retrotransposons in the Female Germline of<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Vagin, Vasily V.; Klenov, Mikhail S.; Kalmykova, Alla; Stolyarenko, Anastasia D.; Kotelnikov, Roman N.; Гвоздев, В. А.

doi:10.4161/rna.1.1.943

Cited by 131 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…3A). To analyze the specificity of this effect on piRNA silencing, we compared it with that of the piwi 2 -null mutation and with aub, mael, spn-E, and armi mutations affecting the cytoplasmic components of the piRNA machinery, some of which have been shown to be responsible for the activation of a number of transposons tested in our study (16,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38) (Fig. 3A).…”

Section: Piwi Nuclear Localization Is Indispensable For Transposon Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of stem cell maintenance and transposon silencing functions of Piwi protein

Klenov

Sokolova

Yakushev

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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172

165

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Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and Piwi proteins have the evolutionarily conserved function of silencing of repetitive genetic elements in germ lines. The founder of the Piwi subfamily, Drosophila nuclear Piwi protein, was also shown to be required for the maintenance of germ-line stem cells (GSCs). Hence, null mutant piwi females exhibit two types of abnormalities, overexpression of transposons and severely underdeveloped ovaries. It remained unknown whether the failure of GSC maintenance is related to transposon derepression or if GSC self-renewal and piRNA silencing are two distinct functions of the Piwi protein. We have revealed a mutation, piwi Nt , removing the nuclear localization signal of the Piwi protein. piwi Nt females retain the ability of GSC self-renewal and a near-normal number of egg chambers in the ovarioles but display a drastic transposable element derepression and nuclear accumulation of their transcripts in the germ line. piwi Nt mutants are sterile most likely because of the disturbance of piRNA-mediated transposon silencing. Analysis of chromatin modifications in the piwi Nt ovaries indicated that Piwi causes chromatin silencing only of certain types of transposons, whereas others are repressed in the nuclei without their chromatin modification. Thus, Piwi nuclear localization that is required for its silencing function is not essential for the maintenance of GSCs. We suggest that the Piwi function in GSC selfrenewal is independent of transposon repression and is normally realized in the cytoplasm of GSC niche cells.oogenesis | short RNA

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Section: Piwi Nuclear Localization Is Indispensable For Transposon Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of stem cell maintenance and transposon silencing functions of Piwi protein

Klenov

Sokolova

Yakushev

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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172

165

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“…The main function of these non-coding RNAs is gene silencing by the repression of transposable elements (TEs) in the germ line, and this role is highly conserved across all animal species (21,22,23). PIWI proteins are primarily expressed in germ cells and in both mouse and fruit fly, mutations of genes encoding PIWI proteins result in de-repression of TEs in the germline, leading to male sterility (24,25). PiRNA expression in rat testes has previously been reported to be responsive to testosterone exposure, and this response has been postulated as one of the mechanisms that allows testosterone to regulate testis function (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen-responsive non-coding small RNAs extend the potential of HCG stimulation to act as a bioassay of androgen sufficiency

Rodie

Mudaliar²,

Herzyk

et al. 2017

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Background: It is unclear whether a short-term change in circulating androgens is associated with changes in the transcriptome of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Aims and methods:To explore the effect of hCG stimulation on the PBMC transcriptome, 12 boys with a median age (range) of 0.7 years (0.3, 11.2) who received intramuscular hCG 1500u on 3 consecutive days as part of their investigations underwent transcriptomic array analysis on RNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after hCG stimulation. Results: Median pre-and post-hCG testosterone for the overall group was 0.7 nmol/L (<0.5, 6) and 7.9 nmol/L (<0.5, 31.5), respectively. Of the 12 boys, 3 (25%) did not respond to hCG stimulation with a pre and post median serum testosterone of <0.5 nmol/L and <0.5 nmol/L, respectively. When corrected for gene expression changes in the nonresponders to exclude hCG effects, all 9 of the hCG responders consistently demonstrated a 20% or greater increase in the expression of piR-37153 and piR-39248, non-coding PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). In addition, of the 9 responders, 8, 6 and 4 demonstrated a 30, 40 and 50% rise, respectively, in a total of 2 further piRNAs. In addition, 3 of the responders showed a 50% or greater rise in the expression of another small RNA, SNORD5. On comparing fold-change in serum testosterone with fold-change in the above transcripts, a positive correlation was detected for SNORD5 (P = 0.01). Conclusions: The identification of a dynamic and androgen-responsive PBMC transcriptome extends the potential value of the hCG test for the assessment of androgen sufficiency.

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“…In spite of their vital genomic function, Drosophila telomeric retroelements as well as other parasitic transposons were shown to be targets of the piRNA-mediated silencing pathway (Vagin et al, 2004;Savitsky et al, 2006;Shpiz et al, 2007;Shpiz et al, 2009). Mutations in the spn-E, aub, piwi, squ and zuc genes and vasa locus result in accumulation of telomeric element transcripts in ovaries (Vagin et al 2004;Savitsky et al 2006;Pane et al 2007;Shpiz et al 2007;Shpiz et al 2009), but the same mutations do not affect telomeric element expression in Drosophila testes (A.K., unpublished data).…”

Section: Role Of the Pirna Pathway In Drosophila Telomeric Retrotransmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These proteins are engaged in an amplification loop to mediate the generation of sense and antisense piRNAs from the transposon transcripts . Other proteins such as RNA helicases Spindle-E (Spn-E) and Armitage (Armi), nucleases Zucchini (Zuc) and Squash (Squ), the germline-specific homologue of HP1 Rhino and the product of the vasa locus are involved in transposon silencing in the germline and are required for piRNA production/stabilization (Cook et al 2004;Vagin et al 2004;Vagin et al 2006;Pane et al 2007;Klattenhoff and Theurkauf 2008;Klattenhoff et al 2009;Malone et al 2009). Transposon derepression and transpositions are observed in piRNA pathway mutants, pointing to the primary role of this system in the silencing of parasitic elements (Aravin et al 2001;Sarot et al 2004;Vagin et al 2004;Kalmykova et al 2005).…”

Section: Role Of the Pirna Pathway In Drosophila Telomeric Retrotransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Telomere Length in Drosophila

Shpiz¹,

Kalmykova²

2012

Reviews on Selected Topics of Telomere Biology

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The RNA Interference Proteins and Vasa Locus are Involved in the Silencing of Retrotransposons in the Female Germline ofDrosophila melanogaster

Abstract: dsRNA double stranded RNA RNAi RNA interference siRNA small interfering RNA RISC RNA induced silencing complex LTR long terminal repeat LINE long interspersed nuclear element NOTE See page 58.

Cited by 131 publications

References 38 publications

Separation of stem cell maintenance and transposon silencing functions of Piwi protein

Separation of stem cell maintenance and transposon silencing functions of Piwi protein

Androgen-responsive non-coding small RNAs extend the potential of HCG stimulation to act as a bioassay of androgen sufficiency

Control of Telomere Length in Drosophila

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