The role of complement system in adipose tissue-related inflammation

Abstract

As the common factor linking adipose tissue to the metabolic context of obesity, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory status, to which the complement system is an important contributor. Adipose tissue synthesizes complement proteins and is a target of complement activation. C3a-desArg/acylation-stimulating protein stimulates lipogenesis and affects lipid metabolism. The C3a receptor and C5aR are involved in the development of adipocytes' insulin resistance through macrophage infiltration and the activation of adipose tissue. The terminal complement pathway has been found to be instrumental in promoting hyperglycemia-associated tissue damage, which is characteristic of the major vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. As a mediator of the effects of the terminal complement complex C5b-9, RGC-32 has an impact on energy expenditure as well as lipid and glucose metabolic homeostasis. All of this evidence, taken together, indicates an important role for complement activation in metabolic diseases.

Human serum RNase-L level is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and age

“…In addition to the traditional metabolic factors, inflammation also plays important roles in the pathogenesis and the complications of these metabolic disorders [6, 7]. A chronic low-grade inflammation that may arise from environmental and genetic factors, is likely involved in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in the MetS [8, 9]. In view of this, several inflammatory indicators, such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β have been shown to be potential biomarkers for the MetS [7, 10, 11].…”

Novel targets for the development of drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The mRNA expression of CfB, C3, and adipsin in our study reflects observations made in vivo in other studies. In addition, in agreement with literature (Wlazlo et al, 2014;Barbu et al, 2015;Vlaicu et al, 2016;van Greevenbroek et al, 2012;Moreno-Navarrete et al, 2010) and our ms data, CfB expression was increased when co-cultures of adipocytes and macrophages were stimulated with LPS for 18 h compared to non-stimulated co-cultures ( Figure 3B). In contrast, C3…”

Relationship Between Obesity and Immune System a Review Article

“…As a mediator of the effects of the terminal complement complex C5b-9, RGC-32 has an impact on energy expenditure as well as lipid and glucose metabolic homeostasis. All of this evidence, taken together, indicates an important role for complement activation in metabolic diseases [49].…”