The Role of Exosome and the ESCRT Pathway on Enveloped Virus Infection

Ju, Yichen; Bai, Haocheng; Ren, Linzhu; Zhang, Liying

doi:10.3390/ijms22169060

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…These proteins function in manipulating membrane bilayers in a variety of essential cellular physiological and metabolic processes, such as multivesicular body (MVB) formation, membrane abscission in cytokinesis, exosome and microvesicle biogenesis, nuclear envelope reconstruction, plasma membrane repair, neuron pruning, autophagosome closure, and lysosome repair ( 23 – 28 ). In addition, the ESCRT machinery is reported to be utilized by viruses from diverse families to support their infections at various stages ( 29 – 31 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) Contributes to Virion Formation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Interaction with the Nucleocapsid (N) Protein along with the Early Secretory Pathway

Zhang

Geng

et al. 2022

J Virol

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused huge economic losses to global swine industry. As an intracellular obligate pathogen, PRRSV exploits host cellular machinery to establish infection. The endocytic sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system has been shown to participate in different life cycle stages of multiple viruses. In the current study, a systematic small interference RNA (siRNA) screening assay identified that certain ESCRT components contributed to PRRSV infection. Among them, tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) was demonstrated to be important for PRRSV infection by knockdown and overexpression assays. TSG101 was further revealed to be involved in virion formation rather than viral attachment, internalization, RNA replication and nucleocapsid (N) protein translation within the first round of PRRSV life cycle. In detail, TSG101 was determined to specially interact with PRRSV N protein and take effect on its subcellular localization along with the early secretory pathway. Taken together, these results provide evidence that TSG101 is a pro-viral cellular factor for PRRSV assembly, which will be a promising target to interfere with the viral infection. IMPORTANCE PRRSV infection results in a serious swine disease affecting pig farming in the world. However, efficient prevention and control of PRRSV is hindered by its complicated infection process. Up to now, our understanding of PRRSV assembly during infection is especially limited. Here, we identified that TSG101, an ESCRT-I subunit, facilitated virion formation of PRRSV via interaction with the viral N protein along with the early secretory pathway. Our work actually expands the knowledge of PRRSV infection and provides a novel therapeutic target for prevention and control of the virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) Contributes to Virion Formation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Interaction with the Nucleocapsid (N) Protein along with the Early Secretory Pathway

Zhang

Geng

et al. 2022

J Virol

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“…ESCRT is a family of proteins that includes ESCRT-0, -I, -II and -III ( 31 ). These proteins bind to MVB membrane-associated proteins and regulate the targeted transport of cellular cargo molecules and the formation of ILVs ( 32 ). Also involved in the formation of MVBs are tumor susceptibility gene 101 and other ESCRT cofactors, such as ALG-2 interacting protein X ( 33 ) and vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4 ( 34 ).…”

Section: Characteristics Classification and Biosynthesis Of Extracell...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and prospective applications of exosomal microRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis (Review)

et al. 2022

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Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible and life-threatening lung disease. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this condition remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are structures derived from the plasma membrane, with a diameter ranging from 30 nm to 5 µ m, that play an important role in cell-to-cell communications in lung disease, particularly between epithelial cells and the pulmonary microenvironment. In particular, exosomes are a type of EV that can deliver cargo molecules, including endogenous proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, such as microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). These cargo molecules are encapsulated in lipid bilayers through target cell internalization, receptor-ligand interactions or lipid membrane fusion. miRNAs are single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis by degrading target mRNAs or inhibiting translation to modulate gene expression. The aim of the present review was to discuss the current knowledge available on exosome biogenesis, composition and isolation methods. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PF was also reviewed. In addition, emerging diagnostic and therapeutic properties of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in PF were described, in order to highlight the potential applications of exosomal miRNAs in PF.

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“…A broad range of research has indicated an ESCRT-independent route in the exosome synthesis and carrier packing of lipids and related proteins, including tetraspanine ( 28 ). In opposition to ESCRT-sorted proteins, the loading of RNA into exosomes becomes lipid-mediated, reliant on self-organizing fat and carrier motifs.…”

Section: Exosome’s Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glioma cell exosomes transport different chemicals than regular glial cell exosomes ( 40 ). Cancer effectors such as a mutant oncoprotein, oncogenic transcripts, and miRNAs are among the elements involved in tumor formation ( 28 ). In addition, exosomes enhance communication between cancer cells and the stromal cells surrounding them, resulting in either the tumorigenesis of apparently normal cells or a change in their behavior, which offers a favorable environment for the tumor to grow ( 41 ).…”

Section: The Roles Of Exosomes In Glioma Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Exosomes as Future Therapeutic Agents and Diagnostic Tools for Glioma

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Glioma is a common type of tumor originating in the brain. Glioma develops in the gluey supporting cells (glial cells) that surround and support nerve cells. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain microRNAs, messenger RNA, and proteins. Exosomes are the most prominent mediators of intercellular communication, regulating, instructing, and re-educating their surrounding milieu targeting different organs. As exosomes’ diameter is in the nano range, the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, a crucial obstacle in developing therapeutics against brain diseases, including glioma, makes the exosomes a potential candidate for delivering therapeutic agents for targeting malignant glioma. This review communicates the current knowledge of exosomes’ significant roles that make them crucial future therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools for glioma.

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The Role of Exosome and the ESCRT Pathway on Enveloped Virus Infection

Cited by 57 publications

References 131 publications

Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) Contributes to Virion Formation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Interaction with the Nucleocapsid (N) Protein along with the Early Secretory Pathway

Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) Contributes to Virion Formation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Interaction with the Nucleocapsid (N) Protein along with the Early Secretory Pathway

Current and prospective applications of exosomal microRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis (Review)

The Roles of Exosomes as Future Therapeutic Agents and Diagnostic Tools for Glioma

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