The role of lateral strength contrasts in orogenesis: A 2D numerical study

Vogt, Katharina; Willingshofer, Ernst; Maţenco, Liviu; Sokoutis, Dimitrios; Gerya, Taras; Cloetingh, S.A.P.L.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.08.010

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The migration implies a change in location of the subduction zone by accretion of continental material from the lower tectonic plate during collision. Such a gradual accretion of continental material and migration of the subduction zone in single‐vergent orogens agrees with the prediction from numerical or analog modeling studies (Vogt, Matenco, et al, ; Vogt, Willingshofer, et al, ; Willingshofer et al, ). These studies have inferred that such orogenic wedges form when significant rheological decoupling exists between crustal and/or mantle lithospheric layers, or when the upper tectonic plate is rheologically stronger during collision.…”

Section: Mechanics Of Orogenic Deformationsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Modeling studies have inferred that this sequence of deformation and exhumation is rheologically controlled. For instance, a rheological weak lower plate decouples from the upper crust, creating prolonged periods of continental subduction and orogens that display one dominant structural vergence (Vogt, Matenco, et al, ; Vogt, Willingshofer, et al, ; Willingshofer et al, ). Many such single‐sided orogens are associated with periods of rapid slab retreat, where back‐arc extension often overprints the predating nappe stacking during their gradual migration of deformation toward the foreland, as observed in many Mediterranean orogens or SE‐Asia convergence zones (Brun & Faccenna, ; Faccenna et al, ; Jolivet & Brun, ; Pubellier & Morley, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematics of Foreland‐Vergent Crustal Accretion: Inferences From the Dinarides Evolution

et al. 2019

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One of the most common observation in Mediterranean areas is the migration of contractional deformation and associated slabs through time toward external orogenic areas, associated with lower plate crustal accretion. The Dinarides orogen of Central Europe is an optimal place to study such a sequence of contractional deformation. Compared with other areas, contraction in the Dinarides was less overprinted by subsequent extension, while a remnant of the subducted slab is observed in a far external orogenic position. Understanding the deformational evolution of the Dinarides is hampered by the reduced availability of kinematic studies. Therefore, we have performed a surface kinematic study in the external parts of the Dinarides. By correlating with available geophysical and evolutionary constraints, we constructed two large-scale, kinematically controlled regional transects. The results demonstrate a long-lived evolution of shortening that affected the Dinarides lower orogenic plate. While the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous deformation was associated with an earlier obduction moment, the latest Cretaceous onset of continental collision has gradually focused deformation at inherited rheological weakness zones. We show that shortening was interrupted by a period of Miocene extension that affected all orogenic areas and created the Dinarides Lake System. The extension was followed by renewed shortening, which started during the latest Miocene and remains presently active, whose kinematics in the central and SE part of the Dinarides is revealed for the first time by our study. These results indicate a lower plate crustal accretion mechanism that was spatially and temporally connected with gradual slab retreat in the Dinarides.

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Section: Mechanics Of Orogenic Deformationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics of Foreland‐Vergent Crustal Accretion: Inferences From the Dinarides Evolution

et al. 2019

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“…Thus, the time‐dependent (viscous) rheology of the lithospheric mantle and its response to convergence determine whether a narrower or wider deformation zone will form. Similarly, more complex models with varied relative strengths in the lithosphere influence the style of deformation and the final crustal architecture (Davy & Cobbold, 1991; Vogt, Willingshofer, et al, 2017). In all the experiments, once a fault is formed regardless of the lithospheric strength, the deformation is only evident in the foreland and the hinterland appears quiet (Figures 4a and 4c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we consider how the strength of the lithospheric mantle affects the extent of deformation in the upper crust and on the surface of the Earth. The strength of the lithosphere as a whole in intraplate deformation has been considered by previous studies that focused on the complexity and geometry of the weak zone (Willingshofer & Sokoutis, 2005; Willingshofer & Sokoutis, 2009; Sokoutis & Willingshofer, 2011) and the lateral strength contrast in the lithosphere (Vogt, Willingshofer, et al, 2017). Although these works provide valuable insight toward intraplate orogenesis, such models have too complex geometries and rheologies of the weak zone and rheological layering of the lithosphere to investigate specifically the interplay between lithospheric strength and any inherent zones of weakness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Lithospheric Mantle Scars and Rheology on Intraplate Deformation and Orogenesis: Insights From Tectonic Analog Models

Santimano

Pysklywec

2020

Tectonics

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Structural heterogeneities in the deep lithosphere have been identified as an important factor in crustal tectonics, particularly where inherited deep zones of weakness may initiate orogenesis in continent interiors. Aside from structural heterogeneity, the rheological strength of the lithosphere may also have a primary role affecting the kinematics of deformation in the lithosphere. To investigate the interplay of rheology and preexisting structures, we designed a set of physical scaled analog experiments for a convergent setting that tests (a) the presence and absence of a preexisting weak zone in the lithospheric mantle and (b) the effects of the rheological strength of the lithospheric mantle. Tectonic evolution of the model is recorded to acquire a time series data set of the velocity field and subsequently strain in the model. Results show that a weak zone in the lithospheric mantle allows deformation to be accommodated by displacement along this zone and into the overlying lower and upper crust, regardless of lithosphere strength. In contrast, a model absent of a weak zone accommodates deformation by folding and thickening of the viscous layers. The viscous lithosphere in models with a strong lithospheric mantle tends to buckle creating a sequence of brittle faulting in the upper crust. Specifically, the rheology of the lithosphere dictates the distribution of strain. Our results are considered in the context of the formation of the Eurekan fold and thrust belts in an intraplate setting on Ellesmere Island, where deformation may be related to the influence of deep lithosphere structure(s) and deep lithosphere strength.

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“…We start our modeling procedure with the "no plume" model 1 (see Table S1), including a normal continental geotherm (1350°C isotherm at 100 km depth) in both the overriding and subducting plates and a A weak zone characterized by low plastic strength and wet olivine rheology has been implemented in order to provide a rheological decoupling between the upper and subducting plate, enabling subduction of the incoming oceanic lithosphere beneath the overriding continent (e.g., Burg & Gerya, 2005;Vogt et al, 2017Vogt et al, , 2018Willingshofer et al, 2013). The top surface of the lithosphere is defined as an internal free surface through a 12-km-thick layer of "sticky air" (Crameri et al, 2012;Duretz et al, 2011;Gerya, 2010).…”

Section: Numerical Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plume‐Induced Breakup of a Subducting Plate: Microcontinent Formation Without Cessation of the Subduction Process

Koptev

Beniest

Gerya

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Separation of microcontinents is explained by a ridge jump toward the passive margin as a possible consequence of plume‐induced rheological weakening, ultimately leading to breakup followed by accretion of the oceanic crust along a new spreading center. In contrast to such a purely extensional case, the separation of continental microblocks from the main body of the African plate during its continuous northward motion and subduction under Eurasia is still poorly understood. Our numerical experiments show the thermal and buoyancy effects of mantle plume impingement on the bottom of the continental part of a subducting plate are sufficient to induce separation of an isolated microcontinental block from the main subducting continent, even during induced plate motion necessary for uninterrupted oceanic and continental subduction. Subsequent continental accretion occurs by decoupling upper‐crustal nappes from the newly formed subducting microcontinent, which is in agreement with the Late Cretaceous‐Eocene evolution of the eastern Mediterranean.

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The role of lateral strength contrasts in orogenesis: A 2D numerical study

Cited by 26 publications

References 65 publications

Kinematics of Foreland‐Vergent Crustal Accretion: Inferences From the Dinarides Evolution

Kinematics of Foreland‐Vergent Crustal Accretion: Inferences From the Dinarides Evolution

The Influence of Lithospheric Mantle Scars and Rheology on Intraplate Deformation and Orogenesis: Insights From Tectonic Analog Models

Plume‐Induced Breakup of a Subducting Plate: Microcontinent Formation Without Cessation of the Subduction Process

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