The role of nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in regulating intervertebral disc degeneration

The deubiquitinase USP11 ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis via deubiquitinating and stabilizing Sirt3

“…Increasing studies have reported that IVDD is the main contributor and independent risk factor for LBP, it would be, therefore, enlightening that investigating the exact pathogenesis of IVDD and developing target-specific molecular drugs in the future. Although there are amounts of research projects focusing on the pathogenesis of IVDD, its exact mechanism still remains to be elucidated [ 6 , 53 ]. Researches have proved that IVDD is a musculoskeletal degenerative disorder involving multifactorial pathogenesis, such as trauma, biomechanical change, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and genetic susceptibility [ 15 , 54 , 55 ].…”

“…There is a considerable amount of LBP in the general population, 84% of the general population is likely to suffer from LBP during their lifespans [ 2 ], and according to estimates, incidence of relapse for LBP could be higher to 80% [ 3 ]. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), a common musculoskeletal degenerative disorder, is identified as the majorx cause of LBP [ 4 ], which is responsible for more than 40% of all LBP cases [ 5 ], causing significant socio-economic burdens worldwide [ 6 ]. The normal intervertebral disc is composed of three main parts: the highly-hydrated gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue in the core, annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue circumferentially surrounding the NP tissue, and endplates (EP) tissue covering NP tissue [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Evaluation of the concentration of growth associated protein-43 and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor in degenerated intervertebral discs of the lumbosacral region of the spine

“…However, there is limited information available in the literature about the role of GDNF and GAP-43 in the IVD degenerative process and the development of discogenic pain that accompanies degenerative spine disease. [5][6][7]34,35 Yamada et al also observed that a significantly higher concentration of GDNF was associated with more severe degenerative changes in IVDs. 36 It must also be noted that they established a chondrocyte cell culture from obtained IVD samples and exposed the cells to pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β).…”

The current status and development trend of hydrogel application in spinal surgery

“…Promoting the intrinsic repair capacity of AF cells HDC hydrogel 51,60 chondroitinase Enhanced adhesion of hydrogels to fibrous ring tissue Multifunctional PEG hydrogel 46 Agomir Regulates the metabolic balance of the ECM in the intervertebral disc and promotes disc regeneration Injectable HAMA hydrogel microspheres 42 circSTC2…”