The Role of Phagocytes and NETs in Dermatophytosis

Abstract

Innate immunity is the host first line of defense against pathogens. However, only in recent years, we are beginning to better understand the ways it operates. A key player is this branch of the immune response that are the phagocytes, as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils. These cells act as sentinels, employing specialized receptors in the sensing of invaders and host injury, and readily responding to them by production of inflammatory mediators. They afford protection not only by ingesting and destroying pathogens, but also by providing a suitable biochemical environment that shapes the adaptive response. In this review, we aim to present a broad perspective about the role of phagocytes in dermatophytosis, focusing on the mechanisms possibly involved in protective and non-protective responses. A full understanding of how phagocytes fit in the pathogenesis of these infections may open the venue for the development of new and more effective therapeutic approaches.

Dermatophytes: New taxonomy and differentiation methods. Review of current state of knowledge about mechanisms of pathogenesis and pathogen-host interaction

“…(6) zwrócili uwagę na istotną w zakażeniach dermatofitowych rolę pobudzenia komórek prezentujących antygen (APCs) i limfocytów Th17, które dzięki wydzielanej IL-17 są odpowiedzialne za szybki rozwój reakcji zapalnej i pojawienie się neutrofilów. Inni badacze (13,14) podkreślili rolę komórek fagocytujących, włączając w to utworzoną z DNA neutrofili sieć -zewnątrzko-mórkową pułapkę -NETs.…”

Circulating redox status in sheep naturally infected with Trichophyton verrucosum

“…The host–pathogen interaction in dermatophytosis is considered an old unfinished story (Yoshikawa and De Almeida 2017 ) and is still poorly delineated (Lord and Vyas 2019 ). A full understanding of the pathogenesis of the infection may provide the venue for disease control.…”

Dermatophytes and Dermatophytoses: A Thematic Overview of State of the Art, and the Directions for Future Research and Developments

“…The exciting possibility of finding an innate mechanism for Th17 pathway involvement in dermatophytoses is emphasized [22]. Yoshikawa and De Almeida revisit the role of innate immunity against dermatophytosis by focusing on the phagocytic cells including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) [23]. The authors cover recent studies on the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) involved against dermatophytes.…”

“…Also covered is the role of inherited CARD9 deficiency as a risk factor for dermatophytoses. Although still in its infancy, insights into how dermatophytes avoid neutrophils, and the induction of NETs would further promote our understanding of innate immune responses against this group of fungal pathogens [23].…”