The role of resistivity survey in historic site assessment and management: An example from Fort Riley, Kansas

Hargrave, Michael L.; Somers, L. E.; Larson, Thomas K.; Shields, Richard K.; Dendy, John H.

doi:10.1007/bf03374371

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, at the Dairy site, resistivity images indicated a few isolated areas of high apparent resistivity that, on soil investigation, yielded an abundance of high resistance debris, including brick, gravel, glass, mulch, and charcoal. These results are similar to those of Hargrave et al (2002) who also used 1‐m (or less) probe spacing and found elevated data values, or strong contrasts in data, associated with buried, densely packed building materials. Images of the Dairy Site also accurately identified the presence and depth of a Bt horizon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Geophysical surveys provide a noninvasive method for quick, spatial investigation of historic sites before soil excavation (Alaia et al, 2008; Batayneh, 2011; Drahor, 2006; Grangeia et al, 2011; Keenan and Ellwood, 2014; Piro, 2009) and are particularly useful for directing soil sampling and evaluating areas where excavation is not always appropriate, for example, in burial sites (Hargrave et al, 2002). Geophysical instruments measure contrasts in soil physical properties; thus, they can be particularly helpful for detection of buried artifacts (Batayneh, 2011; Gaffney and Gater, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combining Electromagnetic Induction and Resistivity Imaging with Soil Sampling to Investigate Past Soil Disturbance at Wormsloe State Historic Site, Savannah, GA

Campbell¹,

Morris

Markewitz

2015

Soil Horizons

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Wormsloe State Historic Site near Savannah, GA contains nearly three centuries of recorded land use activities, from 1736 to the present. It provides a unique setting to investigate the long‐term influence of historic land use on sandy soils of the Coastal Plain. We used a Dualem 2S (Dualem, Inc.) electromagnetic induction (EMI) meter and an AGI SuperSting R8 (Advanced Geosciences, Inc.) electrical resistivity (ER) meter in combination with traditional soil sampling to investigate soils and soil disturbance at Wormsloe. Three sites (Cabin, Dairy, and Forest Charcoal) were chosen to survey using both instruments. EMI surveys were made at each site on a 14 × 12 m grid, and ER surveys were made on a 7 × 6 m grid nested within the larger EMI grid. Electromagnetic induction was measured to depths of 10 and 210 cm, and ER was measured to a depth of 100 cm. Geophysical data was converted to a visual format using ordinary kriging in ArcGIS (ESRI) for EMI data and inversion software EarthImager 3D (Advanced Geosciences, Inc.) for resistivity data. These visual maps were used to direct traditional soil sampling. We found EMI was useful for detecting broad soil patterns originating from natural soil variation or large features, such as foundations, while ER more accurately identified artifacts of human origin, as verified by soil sampling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Electromagnetic Induction and Resistivity Imaging with Soil Sampling to Investigate Past Soil Disturbance at Wormsloe State Historic Site, Savannah, GA

Campbell¹,

Morris

Markewitz

2015

Soil Horizons

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“…The town was established soon after the USA entered the war in 1917, but declined with the war's end in 1918, a major flood in 1919, and a devastating fire in 1920. It was abandoned soon afterward when its remaining buildings were moved to a nearby town, dismantled, or sold as scrap (Hargrave et al, 2002). It now rests under a hay field with almost no indications of its presence, although architectural and other remains lie buried as little as 30 cm below the surface (Figure 1).…”

Section: The Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating multidimensional geophysical data

Kvamme

2005

Archaeological Prospection

108

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Surveysthatutilizemultiple geophysicalmethodsoffergreaterinsightsabout the subsurfacebecause each one generally yields different information.Common approaches to integrating or 'fusing'multidimensional geophysical data are investigated utilizing computer graphics, geographical information system (GIS), mathematical and statistical solutions.These approaches are synthesized into graphical, discrete and continuous domains.It is shown that graphical approaches allow complex visualizations of the subsurface, but only images are generated and their dimensionality tends to be low. Discrete methods incorporate any number of geophysical dimensions, allow application of powerful Boolean operations, and produce unambiguous maps of anomaly presence or absence, but many of thesemethodsrelyonarbitrary thresholdsthatdefine onlyrobust anomalies.Continuousdataintegrations offer capabilities beyond other methods because robust and subtle anomalies are simultaneously expressed, new quantitative information is generated, and interpretive data are derived in the form ofregressionweights, factorloadings, and the like, that revealinterrelationships andunderlying dimensionality. All approaches are applied to a common data set obtained at Army City,Kansas, a World War Ieracommercialcomplexthat servicedtroopsinnearby Camp Funston (now Fort Riley).Utilizing data from six geophysical surveys (magnetic gradiometry, electrical resistivity, ground-penetrating radar, magnetic susceptibility, soil conductivity, aerial thermography), various data integrationsrevealthe structure ofthisnearly forgottentown

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“…Aerial photography and spacebased remote sensing have been in use for some time (e.g., Eddy et al 1996;Madry and Crumley 1990;Obenauf 1980), and their utility is greater now than ever before, with a wide variety of multispectral data products available at varying levels of precision from both government and private industry sources (Fowler 2002;Harmon et al 2006;Lock 2003;Sever and Irwin 2003;Wilkinson et al 2004). Groundbased geophysical survey has received the most attention in the last several years, with many universities and CRM firms purchasing the increasingly less-expensive resistivity, conductivity, magnetometry, gradiometry, and ground-penetrating radar equipment (Hargrave et al 2002;Kvamme 2003;Silliman et al 2000). While geophysical surveys are not yet directly possible at the regional scale, the techniques speed the acquisition of the data needed for regional assessments (e.g., Conyers et al 2002).…”

Section: Survey Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Archaeology of Regions: From Discrete Analytical Toolkit to Ubiquitous Spatial Perspective

Kantner

2007

J Archaeol Res

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In the 1970s and 1980s, regional analysis was an influential part of archaeological research, providing a discrete set of geographical tools inspired by a processual epistemological and interpretive perspective. With the advent of new technologies, new methods, and new paradigms, archaeological research on regional space has undergone significant changes. This article reviews the state of regional archaeology, beginning with a consideration of its history and a discussion of the fundamental issues facing regional investigations before focusing on developments over the last several years. On one hand, the diversification of archaeological theory has created new paradigms for thinking about human relationships with one another and with the physical environment across regional space; in this regard, historical ecology, landscape archaeology, and evolutionary theory have been particularly influential in recent years. This has led to a corresponding diversification of the traditional methods of regional analysis. Most notably, the advent of powerful digital technologies has introduced new tools, especially those from the geographic information sciences, that build on the quantitative methods of past approaches. The investigation of regional data is no longer based on a discrete toolkit of simple mathematical and graphical procedures for representing spatial relationships. Instead, regional archaeology has matured into a diversity of multiscalar spatial and geostatistical techniques that inform many areas of archaeological inquiry.

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The role of resistivity survey in historic site assessment and management: An example from Fort Riley, Kansas

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Combining Electromagnetic Induction and Resistivity Imaging with Soil Sampling to Investigate Past Soil Disturbance at Wormsloe State Historic Site, Savannah, GA

Combining Electromagnetic Induction and Resistivity Imaging with Soil Sampling to Investigate Past Soil Disturbance at Wormsloe State Historic Site, Savannah, GA

Integrating multidimensional geophysical data

The Archaeology of Regions: From Discrete Analytical Toolkit to Ubiquitous Spatial Perspective

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