The role of TAMMEF therapy on the antioxidant status in osteoarthritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, associated with loss of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, subchodral bone change, synovitis and characterized by chronic and often disabling pain and stiffness of one or more joints. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and still debated, even if recent studies have shown that reactive oxygen species may participate in the initiation and progression of OA. Moreover, it is known that pulsed electromagnetic fields are useful in the OA treatment, owing to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This work evaluated lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and ascorbic acid levels in patients with OA of spine, before and after the application of a new electromagnetic system, the TAMMEF (Therapeutic Application of a Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Field) system. In TAMMEF system, the extremely low frequencies electromagnetic field is piloted by a musical signal and its parameters (frequency, intensity, waveform) are modified in time, randomly varying within the respective ranges: so all possible codes can occur during a single application. Twenty patients affected by OA of spine and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (as index of lipid peroxidation) were determined in patients and controls, before the beginning of treatment (first day of therapy) and at the end of cycle. All patients underwent a cycle of 10 daily sessions of 30 min each. Our study showed a significant increase of MDA level and a significant decrease of both AA and GSH levels in patients with OA compared to control group. These findings support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of OA. After TAMMEF treatment in the OA group, analysis revealed a significant decrease in plasma MDA and AA levels (P \ 0.05 and P \ 0.01, respectively), no significant difference in GSH levels. Reduction in MDA level could be due to the decreased generation of reactive oxygen species and/or to the increased detoxification activity mediated by GSH. No significant difference in GSH levels, evidenced in OA patients after TAMMEF treatment, could be due to effect sparing of AA on GSH. Furthermore, a beneficial symptomatic effect was observed in all patients.