The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence

Whiteside, Theresa L.

doi:10.3390/cells10113054

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Arginase 1, HSP27, HSP72, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, galectin 9 and several non-coding RNAs also contribute to the immunosuppressive effects of tumour cell-derived EVs 115 . Furthermore, both the EV-associated adenosine-generating ectoenzymes (CD39 and CD73) and the adenosine cargo of EVs are considered key mediators of immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment 116 .…”

Section: Antitumour Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system

2022

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The twenty-first century has witnessed major developments in the field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research, including significant steps towards defining standard criteria for the separation and detection of EVs. The recent recognition that EVs have the potential to function as biomarkers or as therapeutic tools has attracted even greater attention to their study. With this progress in mind, an updated comprehensive overview of the roles of EVs in the immune system is timely. This Review summarizes the roles of EVs in basic processes of innate and adaptive immunity, including inflammation, antigen presentation, and the development and activation of B cells and T cells. It also highlights key progress related to deciphering the roles of EVs in antimicrobial defence and in allergic, autoimmune and antitumour immune responses. It ends with a focus on the relevance of EVs to immunotherapy and vaccination, drawing attention to ongoing or recently completed clinical trials that aim to harness the therapeutic potential of EVs.

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Section: Antitumour Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system

2022

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“…Under the coordinated regulation of cytosolic proteins, early endosomes sprout to form multivesicular bodies containing multiple intracavity small vesicles, which fuse with the plasma membrane of the cell and release to the outside of the cell through exocytosis, called exosomes ( 1 ). This is the biogenesis and secretion process of exosomes ( Figure 1 ), these exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, which contain lipids, proteins, miRNA, and other contents ( 2 ). Exosomes, 30–150 nm nanostructures secreted from donor cells and internalized by recipient cells, can play an important role in the cellular entry of some viruses, these exosomes are actively secreted into various body fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and human breast milk (HBM) ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on the Function and Purification of Milk Exosomes: A Review

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles, which can be used as drug carriers, tumor treatment, intestinal development and immune regulator. That is why it has great potential in pharmacy, functional foods, nutritional supplements, especially those for infants, postoperative patients, chemotherapy patients and the elderly. In addition, abnormal exosome level is also related to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, tumor, diabetes, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, as well as infectious diseases. Despite its high biological significance, pharmaceutical and nutritional value, the low abundancy of exosomes in milk is one of the bottlenecks restricting its in-depth research and real-life application. At present, there is no unified standard for the extraction of breast milk exosomes. Therefore, choosing the proper extraction method is very critical for its subsequent research and development. Based on this, this paper reviewed the purification techniques, the function and the possible applications of milk exosomes based on 47 latest references. Humble advices on future directions, prospects on new ideas and methods which are useful for the study of exosomes are proposed at the end of the paper as well.

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“…Adenosine is an important immunosuppressive factor that promotes the exhaustion of NK and T cells in the TME, while the cooperation of CD73 and CD39 can lead to the metabolism of extracellular ATP to adenosine [ 67 – 69 ]. Lu et al [ 23 ] found that HCC‑derived exosomal circTMEM181 is internalized by macrophages, resulting in the upregulation of CD39 expression.…”

Section: An Excellent Combination Of Exosomes and Circrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes and circular RNAs: promising partners in hepatocellular carcinoma from bench to bedside

Xue

Jiang

et al. 2023

Discov Onc

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, and a low 5-year survival rate. Exploring the potential molecular mechanisms, finding diagnostic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, and determining new therapeutic targets for HCC are urgently needed. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to play a key role in the occurrence and development of HCC, while exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication; thus, the combination of circRNAs and exosomes may have inestimable potential in early diagnosis and curative therapy. Previous studies have shown that exosomes can transfer circRNAs from normal or abnormal cells to surrounding or distant cells; thereafter, circRNAs influence target cells. This review summarizes the recent progress regarding the roles of exosomal circRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, occurrence and development and immune checkpoint inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance of HCC to provide inspiration for further research.

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The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system

The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system

Recent Advances on the Function and Purification of Milk Exosomes: A Review

Exosomes and circular RNAs: promising partners in hepatocellular carcinoma from bench to bedside

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