The Role of Wild Rodents in the Transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil

Gentile, Rosana; Soares, Marisa S; Barreto, Magali Gonçalves Muniz; Gonçalves, Margareth Maria Lessa; D’Andrea, Paulo Sérgio

doi:10.5772/25909

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(84 reference statements)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age of rodents was estimated according to the growth curve obtained from the laboratory, and three age groups were categorized as described by juveniles with a body mass less than 110 g in both sexes, young adults with a body mass more than 110 g and less than 190 g in males and less than 215 g in females and adults with a body mass more than 190 g in males and 215 g in females. 31 Rodent abundance was estimated as the number of animals captured under a constant trapping regime (total number of traps per trapping period). Rodents were humanely euthanized (euthanized by injection of formalin).…”

Section: Collection Of Rodents and Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, a total of 140 snails were collected throughout the study period. Biomphalaria (56), Lymnaea (31), Bulinus (53) genus were detected from six snail collection sites in Delgi, Chachalwa, Chimera, Eseyidebir, Dengeliber and Janitekua villages around Lake Tana. High numbers of Biomphalaria genus were found in Delgi, Eseyidebir, Dengeliber, Chachalwa, Chemera and Janitekua sampling villages.…”

Section: Type Of Snail Intermediate Hosts Collected and Their Associa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schistosoma mansoni Epidemiology Among Snails, Rodents and Children: A One Health Approach

Alehegne¹,

Mitiku²

2022

IDR

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Background Schistosoma is one of the prevalent parasitic infection in humans and animals. Schistosomiasis in children is particularly serious and results in liver and spleen enlargement, anemia, stunting, reduced ability to learn and death. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis in children, rodents and snail populations in Aleffa and Takusa districts, north-west Ethiopia. Methods Disease status and exposure were simultaneously measured from December 2020 to December 2021. School children's stool specimens were collected for schistosomiasis examination by Kato Katz and formal-ether techniques. Live rodents and snails were trapped and collected in search of adult schistosoma, eggs, and cercariae, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analytic technique by using SPSS version 20 was conducted. Results Of 460 stool specimens examined, 116 (25.22) were found positive for S. mansoni infection. In the present finding, the possible determinants for the occurrence of intestinal schistosomiasis in school children were female sex (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.37–2.96); working with bare foot (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.08–1.52); skin cut/abrasion history (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.08–7.43) and swimming habit (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.33–1.99). The overall (n = 108) rodent prevalence of S. mansoni was 23 (21.3%). Only 6 snails were shedding the infective stage of schistosoma cercariae. Conclusion The study revealed that there is a moderate prevalence of schistosomiasis in different hosts. Thus, multi-host intervention is crucial to achieving the goal of interrupting transmission of schistosomiasis in the study area. Further research to better understand and exploit the broader environmental, ecological context and encompassing dynamic interactions between all hosts over time will be crucial for building predictive models beyond the known fact of having or not having reservoirs/hybridization of schistosoma in our study area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collection Of Rodents and Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type Of Snail Intermediate Hosts Collected and Their Associa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schistosoma mansoni Epidemiology Among Snails, Rodents and Children: A One Health Approach

Alehegne¹,

Mitiku²

2022

IDR

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“…In Brazil, wild rodents such as Holochilus sciureus and Nectomys squamipes are known to be naturally infected by S. mansoni (Rey, 1993; Gentile et al , 2012; Miranda et al , 2017), but the role of these animals in the epidemiology and transmission of schistosomiasis remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that S. mansoni isolates obtained from H. sciureus have high pathogenicity in Biomphalaria snails (Bastos et al , 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni isolated from the wild rodent Holochilus sciureus shows a low parasite burden but induces high schistosomiasis severity in BALB/c mice

Miranda

Rodrigues²,

Rezende³

et al. 2022

Parasitology

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Wild mammals, especially rodents, can participate in the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni; however, the impact of these parasite strains on the severity of schistosomiasis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the parasitological and immunopathological alterations induced by an S. mansoni strain isolated from the wild rodent Holochilus sciureus (HS strain) and a parasite strain isolated from a human (LE strain) in experimentally infected mice. Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously infected with 50 cercariae/mouse of either the HS or the LE strain and were evaluated for 12 weeks. In the experimental groups, the parasite burden was estimated by worm and egg (feces and tissues) count, and immunopathological alterations were evaluated in the liver and intestines. Compared to experimental infection with the LE parasite strain, HS-infected mice showed reduced number of parasite worms but higher fecundity rate, significant reduction in IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 concentrations, lower EPO-activity in liver homogenate and higher concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-17 in the small intestine homogenate. Moreover, HS infection resulted in higher concentrations of NO end-products in both the liver and intestine, suggesting a predominance of the Th1/Th17 immune response. HS-infected mice also showed higher plasma transaminase levels, formed larger granulomas, and had a higher mortality rate in comparison with LE-infected mice. Data indicate that BALB/c mice infected with the HS strain of S. mansoni showed reduced susceptibility to the parasite but stronger tissue inflammation and high disease severity.

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“…The role of wild small mammals as disease reservoirs is emerging as a public health concern, and the involvement of rodents in the transmission of human agents of schistosomiasis (e.g. Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni ) in different regions of the world is a noteworthy example [11–13]. To date, the characterisation of helminth communities infecting wildlife has largely relied on lethal sampling, severely restricting the host species that can be studied, the adequacy of sampling strategies and sizes, and the scope of the scientific questions that can be addressed [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-FLOTAC as an alternative, non-invasive diagnostic tool for Schistosoma mansoni and other trematode infections in wildlife reservoirs

et al. 2019

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Background Schistosomiasis and food-borne trematodiases are not only of major public health concern, but can also have profound implications for livestock production and wildlife conservation. The zoonotic, multi-host nature of many digenean trematodes is a significant challenge for disease control programmes in endemic areas. However, our understanding of the epidemiological role that animal reservoirs, particularly wild hosts, may play in the transmission of zoonotic trematodiases suffers a dearth of information, with few, if any, standardised, reliable diagnostic tests available. We combined qualitative and quantitative data derived from post-mortem examinations, coprological analyses using the Mini-FLOTAC technique, and molecular tools to assess parasite community composition and the validity of non-invasive methods to detect trematode infections in 89 wild Hubert’s multimammate mice (Mastomys huberti) from northern Senegal. Results Parasites isolated at post-mortem examination were identified as Plagiorchis sp., Anchitrema sp., Echinostoma caproni, Schistosoma mansoni, and a hybrid between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis. The reports of E. caproni and Anchitrema sp. represent the first molecularly confirmed identifications for these trematodes in definitive hosts of sub-Saharan Africa. Comparison of prevalence estimates derived from parasitological analysis at post-mortem examination and Mini-FLOTAC analysis showed non-significant differences indicating comparable results between the two techniques (P = 1.00 for S. mansoni; P = 0.85 for E. caproni; P = 0.83 for Plagiorchis sp.). A Bayesian model, applied to estimate the sensitivities of the two tests for the diagnosis of Schistosoma infections, indicated similar median posterior probabilities of 83.1% for Mini-FLOTAC technique and 82.9% for post-mortem examination (95% Bayesian credible intervals of 64.0–94.6% and 63.7–94.7%, respectively). Conclusions Our results showed that the Mini-FLOTAC could be applied as an alternative diagnostic technique for the detection of the zoonotic S. mansoni and other trematodes in rodent reservoirs. The implementation of non-invasive diagnostics in wildlife would offer numerous advantages over lethal sampling methodologies, with potential impact on control strategies of zoonotic helminthiases in endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa and on fostering a framework of animal use reduction in scientific practice.

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The Role of Wild Rodents in the Transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 79 publications

Schistosoma mansoni Epidemiology Among Snails, Rodents and Children: A One Health Approach

Schistosoma mansoni Epidemiology Among Snails, Rodents and Children: A One Health Approach

Experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni isolated from the wild rodent Holochilus sciureus shows a low parasite burden but induces high schistosomiasis severity in BALB/c mice

Mini-FLOTAC as an alternative, non-invasive diagnostic tool for Schistosoma mansoni and other trematode infections in wildlife reservoirs

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