The RPE in Myopia Development

Zhang, Yan; Wildsoet, Christine F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28384-1_7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…En cuanto a los individuos del presente estudio, es necesario hacer análisis moleculares para identificar posibles variantes asociadas con el fenotipo. Se ha planteado la teoría de que los cambios iniciales leves en el epitelio pigmentario de la retina, que se presentan en la distrofia de conos y bastones, pueden alterar la captación de señales luminosas y, por lo tanto, confundirse con un defecto de la refracción, en este caso, la miopía 38 , 39 . También, se ha expuesto la hipótesis de que el depósito de pigmento conlleva degeneración de los fotorreceptores en modelos de ratón y se ha planteado que el compromiso de los fotorreceptores puede alterar el metabolismo de la dopamina asociado con la propensión a la miopía 40 .…”

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Caracterización fenotípica de la retinitis pigmentaria asociada a sordera

et al. 2022

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Introducción. El síndrome de Usher es una alteración genética caracterizada por la asociación de retinitis pigmentaria y sordera. Sin embargo, hay casos con familias en las cuales, a pesar de presentarse dicha asociación, no se puede diagnosticar un síndrome de Usher ni ninguno otro.Objetivo. Reevaluar fenotípicamente a 103 familias con diagnóstico previo de posible síndrome de Usher o retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera.Materiales y métodos. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 103 familias con un posible diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Usher o retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera. Se seleccionaron las familias cuyo diagnóstico clínico no correspondía a un síndrome de Usher típico. Los afectados fueron valorados oftalmológica y audiológicamente. Se analizaron variables demográficas y clínicas.Resultados. Se reevaluaron 14 familias cuyo diagnóstico clínico no correspondía al de síndrome de Usher. De las familias con diagnóstico inicial de síndrome de Usher típico, el 13,6 % recibieron uno posterior de “retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera”, de “otro síntoma ocular asociado con hipoacusia”, o en forma aislada en una misma familia, de “retinitis pigmentaria” o “hipoacusia”.Conclusiones. Es fundamental el estudio familiar en los casos en que la clínica no concuerda con el diagnóstico de síndrome de Usher típico. En los pacientes con retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera, el diagnóstico clínico acertado permite enfocar los análisis moleculares y, así, establecer un diagnóstico diferencial. Es necesario elaborar guías de nomenclatura en los casos con estos hallazgos atípicos para orientar a médicos e investigadores en cuanto a su correcto manejo.

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Caracterización fenotípica de la retinitis pigmentaria asociada a sordera

et al. 2022

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“…In the context of eye growth regulation and myopia, relatively little attention has been directed toward understanding the role of the RPE, likely in part due to the technical challenges associated with its study. Much of the relevant research into the role of RPE as a potential source of growth modulators is summarized in a 2020 review, which shows heavy reliance on the chick as an animal model for such studies [ 20 ]. A number of multifunctional growth factors have thus been implicated, including members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) super family, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Expression in BMP2 and Two Closely Related Genes in Guinea Pig Retinal Pigment Epithelium during Induction and Recovery from Myopia

Goto,

Zhang,

Vyas

et al. 2023

Biomolecules

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Purpose: We previously reported differential gene expression of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) in guinea pig retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after 1 day of hyperopic defocus, imposed with a negative contact lens (CLs). The study reported here sought to obtain insights into the temporal profiles of gene expression changes in Bmp2, as well as those of two closely related genes, the inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (Id3) and Noggin (Nog), both during myopia induction and when the CL treatment was terminated to allow recovery from induced myopia. Methods: To induce myopia, 2-week-old pigmented guinea pigs (New Zealand strain, n = 8) wore monocular −10 diopter (D) rigid gas-permeable (RGP) CLs for one week, while the other eye served as a control. Ocular measurements were made at baseline, 3 days, and 7 days after the initiation of CL wear, with treatment then being terminated and additional measurements being made after a further 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Spherical equivalent refractive errors (SERs), axial length (AL), choroidal thickness (ChT), and scleral thickness (ScT) data were collected using retinoscopy, optical biometry (Lenstar), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), respectively. RPE samples were collected from both eyes of the guinea pigs after either 1 day or 1 week of CL wear or 1 day or 2 weeks after its termination, and RNA was subsequently isolated and subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses, targeting the Bmp2, Id3, and Nog genes. Results: Mean interocular differences (treated—control) in AL and SER were significantly different from baseline after 3 and 7 days of CL wear, consistent with induced myopia (p < 0.001 for all cases). Termination of CL wear resulted in the normalization (i.e., recovery) of the ALs and SERs of the treated eyes within 7 days, and the earlier significant ChT thinning with CL wear (p = 0004, day 7) was replaced by rapid thickening, which remained significant on day 7 (p = 0.009) but had normalized by day 14. The ChT changes were much smaller in magnitude than the AL changes in both phases. Interocular differences in the ScT showed no significant changes. The Bmp2 and Id3 genes were both significantly downregulated with CL wear, after 1 day (p = 0.012 and 0.016) and 7 days (p = 0.002 and 0.005), while Bmp2 gene expression increased and Nog gene expression decreased after the termination of CL wear, albeit transiently, which was significant on 1 day (p = 0.004 and 0.04) but not 2 weeks later. No change in Id3 gene expression was observed over the latter period. Conclusions: The above patterns of myopia induction and recovery validate this negative RGP-CL model as an alternative to traditional spectacle lens models for guinea pigs. The defocus-driven, sign-dependent changes in the expression of the Bmp2 gene in guinea pig RPE are consistent with observations in chicks and demonstrate the important role of BMP2 in eye growth regulation.

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