The Rust Fungi

Abstract

The rust fungi are a monophyletic group of approximately 7000 species in the basidiomycota and are highly specialized obligate parasites of plants. The life cycle of rusts can be complex. Some rusts have up to five spore stages that alternate between haploid and dikaryotic nuclear conditions and that can occur on two taxonomically unrelated host plants. The rusts have evolved specialized structures that allow them to penetrate and obtain nutrients from living host cells. Biologic forms of a single rust species may differ in ability to attack different genera of host plants. Furthermore, within a single rust species they can be highly variable in ability to attack different genotypes of one host species. At the species level, genes that condition avirulence/virulence in rusts interact in a specific relationship with rust-resistance genes in plants. Many of the most important plant diseases in the world are caused by rust fungi.

Gymnosporangium Species – An Important Issue of Plant Protection

“…95-102. DOI: 10.1515/prolas-2017 cereals was mentioned, and the ancient Romans adored rust God Robigo (Kolmer et al, 2009;Sharma, 2014). They were recognised as plant diseases and pathogens only in 1767, by Italian natural scientists Felice Fontana and Targioni-Tozzetti, who investigated and described the morphology of teliospores and urediniospores (Ainsworth, 1981).…”

“…They were recognised as plant diseases and pathogens only in 1767, by Italian natural scientists Felice Fontana and Targioni-Tozzetti, who investigated and described the morphology of teliospores and urediniospores (Ainsworth, 1981). The name of rust fungi was introduced due to the orange color of spore masses, which can be observed on the infected plants (Kolmer et al, 2009). …”

“…In the demicyclic life cycle the uredia stage is absent, but rust misses also the aecia stage in the microcyclic life cycle. Some rust species can complete their life cycle on one host -the autoecious rusts (Cummins and Hiratsuka, 2003;Kolmer et al, 2009). …”

Leaf Rust of Wheat: Pathogen Biology, Variation and Host Resistance

“…The rust fungi are among the most widely spread of plant pathogens and cause important diseases on many angiosperm and gymnosperm trees, and cereal and legume crops to name just a few major plant classes afflicted by rusts [1]. Rust fungi are obligate parasites that require a living host to OPEN ACCESS complete the life cycle, and biotrophs due to their method of extracting nutrients from living host cells [2].…”

Efficacy of Chemical Preservatives to Control Perilla Rust

“…The rust fungi are a monophyletic group of approximately 7000 species in the basidiomycota and are highly specialized obligate parasites of plants. Rust fungi cause diseases in economically important plant species such as cereals, legumens, composites and many trees (Kolmer et al, 2009). Perilla rust is a damaging disease in Perilla cultivation in Korea.…”