The Schandelah Scientific Drilling Project: A 25-million year record of Early Jurassic palaeo-environmental change from northern Germany

Schootbrugge, Bas van de; Richoz, Sylvain; Pross, Jörg; Luppold, Friedrich Wilhelm; Hunze, Sabine; Wonik, Thomas; Blau, Joachim; Meister, Christian; Weijst, Carolien van der; Suan, Guillaume; Fraguas, Ángela; Fiebig, Jens; Herrle, Jens O.; Guex, Jean; Little, Crispin T. S.; Wignall, Paul B.; Püttmann, W.; Oschmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1127/nos/2018/0259

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…As such, fragmentation may yield a degree of uncertainty with regard to ammonite zone boundaries. The same concern affects the boreholes studied in northern France by Peti et al (2017) and in Germany by van de Schootbrugge et al (2018). As for the Brenha section, it has already been studied by Hamilton (1977;1979) and Bown (1987) and now the present work.…”

Section: Discrepancies Due To Ammonite Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 56%

Western Tethys Early and Middle Jurassic calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy

Ferreira

Mattioli

Suchéras-Marx

et al. 2019

Earth-Science Reviews

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An exhaustive biostratigraphic study based on the calcareous nannofossil content from Lower and Middle Jurassic Lusitanian Basin sections in Portugal is here presented. Located at the strategic intersection of important Jurassic water masses during a period of drastic environmental changes, the Lusitanian Basin conveyed mixed phytoplanktonic communities in its surface waters. Approximately 800 m of exceptionally continuous Lower and Middle Jurassic series bearing detailed ammonite biostratigraphy and two Global Stratotype Section and Point are studied. Vertical and lateral ubiquity of calcareous nannofossils in marine sediments and rapid evolutionary rate and radiation make this fossil group a remarkable biostratigraphic tool. Nearly 100 bioevents are acknowledged in ~24 Myr time span this work refers to, bridging 11 nannofossil zones and 29 subzones. A thorough revision of the existing literature referring to Early and Middle Jurassic calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy is presented, and causes and implications for zonal marker discrepancies discussed under a palaeoceanographic and Jurassic nannofossil evolution angle. In order to create a solid biostratigraphic frame and to compare it with C and O stable isotopic trends, brachiopod calcite shells were analysed for geochemistry. This work yields for the first time a very detailed and inclusive biostratigraphic scheme for the Early and Middle Jurassic epochs.

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Section: Discrepancies Due To Ammonite Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 56%

Western Tethys Early and Middle Jurassic calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy

Ferreira

Mattioli

Suchéras-Marx

et al. 2019

Earth-Science Reviews

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“…Gray shades highlight the initiation, the main interval, and the termination of T‐OAE (after Cohen et al, ). Carbon isotopes at Yorkshire, Schandelah, and Dotternhausen are from Cohen et al (), van de Schootbrugge et al (), and Schouten et al (), respectively. For other references see text.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The core drilled at Schandelah mainly consists of laminated, organic‐rich gray and black shales (van Eldijk et al, ). The δ 13 C org and detailed stratigraphy are published in van de Schootbrugge et al (). The T‐OAE interval is identified based on selected palynological data of the onset, combined with the negative excursion of the δ 13 C org and the TOC content (supporting information section S1.1 and Figure S1.1; Cochlan et al, ; Falcón et al, ; van de Schootbrugge et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore use warm initial temperatures to ensure a rapid deep-ocean equilibrium. The Toarcian paleogeography (van de Schootbrugge et al, 2005) and orbital forcing parameters are poorly constrained with estimates for the T-OAE interval (i.e., the negative CIE) ranging from approximately 300 to 900 kyr (e.g., Boulila et al, 2014;Huang & Hesselbo, 2014;Kemp et al, 2005Kemp et al, , 2011Ruebsam et al, 2014;Sha et al, 2015;. Therefore, we conduct five additional FOAM experiments with different orbital forcing parameters, paleogeography, and bathymetry settings (Table 1 and Figure S2.1).…”

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean Circulation in the Toarcian (Early Jurassic): A Key Control on Deoxygenation and Carbon Burial on the European Shelf

Baroni

Pohl

Helmond

et al. 2018

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T‐OAE, ∼183 Myr) was a long‐lasting episode of ocean deoxygenation during the Early Jurassic. The event is related to a period of global warming and characterized by major perturbations to the hydrological and carbon cycles with high rates of organic matter burial in shelf seas. Ocean circulation during the Toarcian and its influence on marine biogeochemical cycles are still not fully understood. Here we assess the spatial extent of anoxia in the NW Tethys Ocean during the T‐OAE, the relationship with ocean circulation and the impact on organic carbon burial, using new and existing sedimentary records from the European Epicontinental Shelf in combination with general circulation model results. We demonstrate that bottom waters on the southwestern part of the shelf were mainly oxic during the T‐OAE, while those in the northeastern basins were mostly anoxic or even sulfidic. Results for two ocean‐atmosphere models (Fast Ocean‐Atmosphere Model and Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model) suggest the presence of a strong clockwise gyre over the European Epicontinental Shelf, which brought oxygenated equatorial waters from the Tethys Ocean to the southern shelf. The northward limb of the gyre was significantly weakened due to the rough bathymetry of the northern shelf, making this relative small region highly sensitive to local ocean stratification. These sluggish ocean dynamics promoted bottom water anoxia and enhanced burial of organic carbon in the northeastern basins, which accounted for 3–5% of the total carbon extracted from the ocean‐atmosphere system as recorded by the positive carbon isotope shift.

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“…When the geographic distribution of black shales in epicontental NW European marine basins is taken into account, it becomes clear that ocean circulation also played a significant role in driving spatial differences in anoxia (Harazim et al 2013). In sections close to the palaeo-equator, for example in Portugal (Da Rocha et al 2016) and Morocco (Bodin et al 2010), no black shales formed; however, further north in the UK and Germany, TOC values drastically increase and, in some basins, black shale deposition continued throughout the Toarcian Age, well beyond the immediate negative CIE. For example, in the Grands Causses Basin in southern France, sediment deposition continued in anoxic facies following the Schistes Cartons Formation (Harazim et al 2013), while in Germany upper Toarcian paper shales are largely indistinguishable from those of the lower Toarcian (van de Schootbrugge et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Arctic-Tethys connectivity ended the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in NW Europe

Schootbrugge

Houben²,

Ercan

et al. 2019

Geol. Mag.

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The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, c. 182 Ma) represents a major perturbation of the carbon cycle marked by widespread black shale deposition. Consequently, the onset of the T-OAE has been linked to the combined effects of global warming, high productivity, basin restriction and salinity stratification. However, the processes that led to termination of the event remain elusive. Here, we present palynological data from Arctic Siberia (Russia), the Viking Corridor (offshore Norway) and the Yorkshire Coast (UK), all spanning the upper Pliensbachian – upper Toarcian stages. Rather than a ‘dinoflagellate cyst black-out’, as recorded in T-OAE strata of NW Europe, both the Arctic and Viking Corridor records show high abundance and dinoflagellate diversity throughout the T-OAE interval as calibrated by C-isotope records. Significantly, in the Arctic Sea and Viking Corridor, numerous species of the Parvocysta and Phallocysta suites make their first appearance in the lower Toarcian Falciferum Zone much earlier than in Europe, where these key dinoflagellate species appeared suddenly during the Bifrons Zone. Our results indicate migrations of Arctic dinoflagellate species, driven by relative sea-level rise in the Viking Corridor and the establishment of a S-directed circulation from the Arctic Sea into the Tethys Ocean. The results support oceanographic models, but are at odds with some interpretations based on geochemical proxies. The migration of Arctic dinoflagellate species coincides with the end of the T-OAE and marks the arrival of oxygenated, low-salinity Arctic waters, triggering a regime change from persistent euxinia to more dynamic oxygen conditions.

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The Schandelah Scientific Drilling Project: A 25-million year record of Early Jurassic palaeo-environmental change from northern Germany

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Western Tethys Early and Middle Jurassic calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy

Western Tethys Early and Middle Jurassic calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy

Ocean Circulation in the Toarcian (Early Jurassic): A Key Control on Deoxygenation and Carbon Burial on the European Shelf

Enhanced Arctic-Tethys connectivity ended the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in NW Europe

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