The screening and control of sexually transmitted infections in the brazilian territory: A narrative literature review

Abstract

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) continue to be a noteworthy concern for public health in Brazil, despite endeavors to manage them. The Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) assumes a central role in the registration and monitoring of these infections, but challenges endure. Additionally, not all STIs are subject to mandatory reporting, and there is underreporting and instances of patients who do not seek healthcare facilities promptly, resulting in substantial costs for the Unified Health System. The objective of this study was to converse about the screening and control of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Brazil. It is a narrative literature review, the results and discussion of which illustrate that educational strategies play a fundamental role in altering risk behaviors across different age groups. Nevertheless, the effective implementation of public prevention policies for STIs hinges on the awareness and continuous training of the multidisciplinary team, particularly Primary Health Care teams. Public policies encompass the promotion of vaccination against HPV and viral hepatitis, the dissemination of health information, and access to tests and treatments. Despite the presence of policies and initiatives concentrated on STIs, the numbers disclose the ongoing significance of prevention and health education strategies. STIs exert a significant impact on socioeconomic indicators, notably affecting vulnerable populations. Hence, the diagnosis, treatment, and public awareness of these infections persist as priorities. The multiprofessional Primary Health Care team plays a fundamental role in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of STIs, and health education plays a pivotal role in reducing transmission.