The Search for a Lipid Trigger: The Effect of Salt Stress on the Lipid Profile of the Model Microalgal Species Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Biofuels Production

Hounslow, Emily; Kapoore, Rahul Vijay; Vaidyanathan, Seetharaman; Gilmour, D. James; Wright, Phillip C.

doi:10.2174/2211550105666160322234434

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…At this point, the cells that were not adapted to environmental stress showed a severely damaged, clustered appearance (Fig. 3 B-1), similar to what was observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [ 21 ]. Moreover, strong green fluorescence indicated that the cells had suffered severe oxidative damage (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Development of a cooperative two-factor adaptive-evolution method to enhance lipid production and prevent lipid peroxidation in Schizochytrium sp.

Sun

Ren

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundSchizochytrium sp. is a marine microalga with great potential as a promising sustainable source of lipids rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This organism’s lipid accumulation machinery can be induced by various stress conditions, but this stress induction usually comes at the expense of lower biomass in industrial fermentations. Moreover, oxidative damage induced by various environmental stresses can result in the peroxidation of lipids, and especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, which causes unstable DHA production, but is often ignored in fermentation processes. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new production strains that not only have a high DHA production capacity, but also possess strong antioxidant defenses.ResultsAdaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is an effective method for the development of beneficial phenotypes in industrial microorganisms. Here, a novel cooperative two-factor ALE strategy based on concomitant low temperature and high salinity was applied to improve the production capacity of Schizochytrium sp. Low-temperature conditions were used to improve the DHA content, and high salinity was applied to stimulate lipid accumulation and enhance the antioxidative defense systems of Schizochytrium sp. After 30 adaptation cycles, a maximal cell dry weight of 126.4 g/L and DHA yield of 38.12 g/L were obtained in the endpoint strain ALE-TF30, which was 27.42 and 57.52% higher than parental strain, respectively. Moreover, the fact that ALE-TF30 had the lowest concentrations of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde among all strains indicated that lipid peroxidation was greatly suppressed by the evolutionary process. Accordingly, the ALE-TF30 strain exhibited an overall increase of gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and polyketide synthases compared to the parental strain.ConclusionThis study provides important clues on how to overcome the negative effects of lipid peroxidation on DHA production in Schizochytrium sp. Taken together, the cooperative two-factor ALE process can not only increase the accumulation of lipids rich in DHA, but also prevent the loss of produced lipid caused by lipid peroxidation. The strategy proposed here may provide a new and alternative direction for the industrial cultivation of oil-producing microalgae.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-018-1065-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Development of a cooperative two-factor adaptive-evolution method to enhance lipid production and prevent lipid peroxidation in Schizochytrium sp.

Sun

Ren

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Neutral lipids may have played a vital role in controlling the development of major structures in plants 52 . Numerous species of single-celled microalgae can store bulky volumes of TAG under nutrient and salt stress circumstances 53 , 54 . The salt tolerant green alga Dunaliella salina (Teodoresco) is unique in that it stores, under high irradiances or nitrogen deficiency, huge quantities of plastidic lipid droplets, which are composed of TAG and two isomers of beta-carotene 55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lipid production from green microalgae species generally possess a fatty acid profile containing predominantly C16 and C18 fatty acids, similar to that of vegetable oils and therefore fit for biodiesel production 56 . In general, greater salinity has a valuable effect on microalga metabolite (such as lipid) production 40 , 54 . According to the results achieved in the present study, maximum cell growth, biomass concentration (1231.66 ± 1.26 mg L −1 ), and lipid content (248.33 mg L −1 ) were found at 2 M NaCl, while the lipid content per biomass percentage (22.28%) was observed at the 2.5 M NaCl levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergy application of Dunaliella salina SA 134 grown at various salinity levels for lipid production

Ahmed

Aftab

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The biofuels are receiving considerable attention as a substitute for petro diesel. For microalgae, the cell density or biomass and lipid contents are key components for biodiesel production. This study was conducted to develop favorable culture conditions for Dunaliella salina to maximize its biomass and lipid accumulation. The effect of salinity (0.5 to 2.5 M NaCl) on the cell population, biochemical composition, and lipid output of Dunaliella salina was examined under a controlled environment for 21 days. Maximum growth (6.57 × 107 to 7.17 × 107cells mL−1) potentials were observed at 1.5 to 2 M NaCl. The photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates also showed trends similar to growth. The maximum carotenoid level (5.16 mg L−1) was recorded at 2 M NaCl. Almost all physicochemical parameters increased with increases in salinity, biomass (1231.66 ± 1.26 mg L−1) and lipid content (248.33 mg L−1), as recorded at 2 M NaCl. Based on fluorescence intensity, the highest values (11.84 × 107cells/ml) of neutral lipids and total lipids (22.28%) were recorded at optimum salinity levels. The present study suggests that a high biomass and lipid accumulation of Dunaliella salina SA 134 could be obtained at the 2 M NaCl level.

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“…Increased neutral lipid or TAG content along with increased salinity also occurs in several species such as Tetraselmis suecica [11] and Scenedesmus sp. [14]. Based on the results of observations during culture (Figure 4), the daily temperature ranges from 29-30 o C. There is no significant temperature change as long as the culture takes.…”

Section: Lipid Content Chaetoceros Muellerimentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Salinity Difference on Lipid Content from Chaetoceros muelleri on Continuous Reactors

2019

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Chaetoceros muelleri is a microalgae class of Bacillariophyta (diatom) which is generally only used as feeds for fishes and shellfish larvae. Nevertheless, the biochemical content of this species is quite high and has the potential to be developed. This research aims to explain the effect of different salinity on the growth and lipid content of Chaetoceros muelleri cultured in a continuous photobioreactor. This research was carried out in August 2018 - February 2019. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Marine Microbiology and the Laboratory of Bioprocess and Bioprospection of Natural Materials, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. The samples of Chaetoceros muelleri isolates were obtained from the Jepara Brackish Water Aquaculture Center. The methods used for the study was a ‘Completely Randomized Design’ (CRD) with four treatments. The salinity used is 15, 25, 35 and 45 ppt. The main parameters observed were growth and lipid content, while the supporting parameters were temperature, and pH. The results of this study showed that the highest lipid content was a salinity treatment of 35 ppt with a value of 25.37% of total dry weight obtained at the end of the culture. Based on growth, the highest density occurred in 25 ppt salinity with a maximum density of 3.80 ± 0.49 x 106 cells. ml-1 and maximum growth rate of 0.36 ± 0.008 div. day-1

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The Search for a Lipid Trigger: The Effect of Salt Stress on the Lipid Profile of the Model Microalgal Species Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Biofuels Production

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Development of a cooperative two-factor adaptive-evolution method to enhance lipid production and prevent lipid peroxidation in Schizochytrium sp.

Development of a cooperative two-factor adaptive-evolution method to enhance lipid production and prevent lipid peroxidation in Schizochytrium sp.

Bioenergy application of Dunaliella salina SA 134 grown at various salinity levels for lipid production

Effect of Salinity Difference on Lipid Content from Chaetoceros muelleri on Continuous Reactors

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