The search for proteins involved in the formation of crustacean cuticular structures

Abehsera, Shai; Weil, Shalva; Manor, Rivka; Sagi, Amir

doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3684-y

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Results revealed two cysteine-rich CP genes CqCPAP3A and CqCPAP3E that are probably involved in the three-dimensional organisation of the cuticle, similar to complexes described in insects (Table 1) (Abehsera et al, 2018b). Moreover, homologues of CDA1, CDA2, and knk were annotated in the moulting cycle transcriptome of C. quadricarinatus cuticle, which suggests similar mechanisms of new cuticle maturation (Abehsera et al, 2018b(Abehsera et al, , 2018a. In the spider P. pseudoannulata, a higher percentage of CPs were found expressed in the pre-moult phase than during the post-moulting period (Li et al, 2022b).…”

Section: And Organisationsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In particular, GAP65, homologous to CDA1, is necessary for mineral deposition and correct formation of crayfish gastroliths (Glazer et al, 2015). Ecdysis initiates the release of calcium biphosphate from gastroliths (Abehsera et al, 2018a). In the freshwater C. quadricarinatus, transportation of calcium salts to and from the gastrolith depends on two bicarbonate transporters from the SLC4 family distributed in the cuticular epithelium and in the gastrolith discs with different activation times (Abehsera et al, 2021).…”

Section: ) Neuropeptides Regulate Stereotypical Ecdysis Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

Campli,

Volovych,

Kim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Exoskeletons are a defining character of all arthropods that provide physical support for their segmented bodies and appendages as well as protection from the environment and predation. This ubiquitous yet evolutionarily variable feature has been instrumental in facilitating the adoption of a variety of lifestyles and the exploitation of ecological niches across all environments. Throughout the radiation of Arthropoda that produced the more than one million described modern species, the adaptability afforded by segmentation and exoskeletons has led to a diversity that is unrivalled amongst animals. However, because exoskeletons cannot grow, they must be periodically shed and replaced with new larger ones to accommodate the growing individuals encased within. Arthropods must therefore undergo periodic moulting events, which follow a series of steps from the preparatory pre-moult phase to ecdysis itself and the post-moult maturation of the new exoskeleton. Each event represents a particularly vulnerable period in an arthropod’s life cycle, so the process must be tightly regulated and meticulously executed to ensure successful transitions for normal growth and development. Decades of research in representative arthropods provide a foundation of understanding of the mechanisms involved. Building on this, studies continue to develop and test hypotheses on the presence and function of molecular components, including neuropeptides, hormones, and receptors, as well as the so-called early, late, and fate genes, across arthropod diversity. Here, we review the literature to develop a comprehensive overview of the current status of accumulated knowledge of the genetic toolkit governing arthropod moulting. From the biosynthesis and regulation of ecdysteroid and sesquiterpenoid hormones, to the factors involved in hormonal stimulation responses and exoskeleton remodelling, we identify commonalities and differences, as well as highlighting major knowledge gaps, across arthropod groups. We examine the available evidence supporting current models of how components operate together to prepare for, execute, and recover from ecdysis, comparing reports from Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda. Evidence is generally highly taxonomically imbalanced, with most reports based on insect study systems. Biases are also evident in the research on different moulting phases and processes, with the early triggers and the late effectors generally being the least well explored. Our synthesis contrasts knowledge based on reported observations with reasonably plausible assumptions given current taxonomic sampling, and exposes weak assumptions or major gaps that need addressing. Encouragingly, advances in genomics are driving a diversification of tractable study systems by facilitating the cataloguing of putative genetic toolkits in previously under-explored taxa. Analysis of genome and transcriptome data supported by experimental investigations have validated the presence of an “ultra-conserved” core of arthropod moulting genes. The molecular machinery has likely evolved with elaborations on this conserved pathway backbone, but more taxonomic exploration is needed to characterise lineage-specific changes and novelties. Furthermore, linking these to transformative innovations in moulting processes across Arthropoda remains hampered by knowledge gaps and hypotheses based on untested assumptions. Promisingly however, emerging from the synthesis is a framework that highlights research avenues from the underlying genetics to the dynamic molecular biology through to the complex physiology of moulting.

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Section: And Organisationsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: ) Neuropeptides Regulate Stereotypical Ecdysis Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

Campli,

Volovych,

Kim

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The power of using a crustacean model in the study of biomineralization—and the reason for our success in resolving the mechanism of bicarbonate transport—lies in the tight coupling of the molt cycle to mineralization and demineralization of the crustacean cuticular structure 43 . To demonstrate the role of the SLC4 members in this important coupling between the molt cycle events and mineralization, we performed a third silencing experiment, in which crayfish were also induced to molt (by administering daily ecdysone injections).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes encoding putative bicarbonate transporters as a missing molecular link between molt and mineralization in crustaceans

Abehsera

Bentov

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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During their life, crustaceans undergo several molts, which if theoretically compared to the human body would be equivalent to replacing all bones at a single event. Such a dramatic repetitive event is coupled to unique molecular mechanisms of mineralization so far mostly unknown. Unlike human bone mineralized with calcium phosphate, the crustacean exoskeleton is mineralized mainly by calcium carbonate. Crustacean growth thus necessitates well-timed mobilization of bicarbonate to specific extracellular sites of biomineralization at distinct molt cycle stages. Here, by looking at the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus at different molting stages, we suggest that the mechanisms of bicarbonate ion transport for mineralization in crustaceans involve the SLC4 family of transporters and that these proteins play a key role in the tight coupling between molt cycle events and mineral deposition. This discovery of putative bicarbonate transporters in a pancrustacean with functional genomic evidence from genes encoding the SLC4 family—mostly known for their role in pH control—is discussed in the context of the evolution of calcium carbonate biomineralization.

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“…Crustaceans have a hard outer cuticle whose organic matter is mainly chitin and cuticular proteins [50,51]. The muscles and exoskeletal cuticle form the arthropod musculoskeletal system and are essential for locomotion [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Superior Growth Performance in Kuruma Shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus

Wang¹,

Yu²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Fishes

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During the cultivation of Marsupenaeus japonicus, there are often obvious differences in the growth within the same family under the same food, water quality, and environment, which greatly affects cultivation efficiency. To explore the molecular mechanism of this growth difference, this study used RNA-seq technology to compare the transcriptomes of M. japonicus individuals with significant growth differences from the same family. A total of 1375 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 1109 were upregulated and 266 were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes, and the results showed that growth-related processes, including chitin metabolism, chitin-binding amino sugar metabolism, and antioxidant processes, including response to oxidative stress, peroxidase activity, antioxidant activity, and peroxidase activity, showed significant differences between the large-size and small-size groups. The expression levels of some differentially expressed genes, such as cuticular protein, low-density lipoprotein receptor, ecdysteroid kinase, myosin heavy chain, and apoptosis inhibitor, were verified by quantitative PCR experiments. One cuticle gene was annotated, and phylogenetic analysis showed that this sequence clustered with the penaeid cuticle genes. This study provides valuable data and a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism of growth differences in M. japonicus at the molecular-genetic level.

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The search for proteins involved in the formation of crustacean cuticular structures

Cited by 14 publications

References 66 publications

The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

Genes encoding putative bicarbonate transporters as a missing molecular link between molt and mineralization in crustaceans

Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Superior Growth Performance in Kuruma Shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus

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