The September 16, 2015 Illapel tsunami, Chile – Sedimentology of tsunami deposits at the beaches of La Serena and Coquimbo

Bahlburg, Heinrich; Nentwig, Vanessa; Matthias, Kreutzer

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2016.12.011

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…During the last four centuries, the Chilean coast has recorded tens of destructive tsunamis triggered by interplate earthquakes generated as the Nazca Plate is being subducted below the South American Plate (Heck, 1947;Barrientos, 2007;Cereceda et al, 2011). Some studies have focused on the geological record of the most recent events that have occurred during the last 60 years along the Chilean coast (Cisternas et al, 2000;Horton et al, 2011;Morton et al, 2011;Bahlburg & Spiske, 2012;Atwater et al, 2013;Garret et al, 2013;Ely et al, 2014;Kempf et al, 2015;Ar anguiz et al, 2016;Araya Cornejo & Carvajal, 2016;Bahlburg et al, 2018). Studies focused on identifying, dating and describing these events in the geological record during the Late Holocene are very scarce in northern Chile, and they have been mainly carried out in central and south Chile (Cisternas et al, 2005(Cisternas et al, , 2017Dura et al, 2014Dura et al, , 2017Garrett et al, 2015;Nentwig et al, 2015;Hong et al, 2016;Kempf et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean‐wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)

et al. 2019

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A Late Holocene cliff‐top deposit of large boulders well above the limits of modern storm waves is described from the southern coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile). The largest moved boulder weighs >40 t and field data point to a flood height >18·5 m above high tide level and an inland penetration greater than 284 m from the cliff edge. The minimum flow velocity needed for particle entrainment was estimated as 10·1 ms−1 and the most likely processes of sediment deposition for different boulders were deduced. The boulder distribution, sorting and orientation of imbricated debris, together with the significant wave height of extreme storms reported and the occurrence of interplate earthquakes in the study area indicate that the deposit records a single event, interpreted here as a tsunami wave train rather than exceptional storm waves. The boulder field was dated to between the 13th and the 16th Centuries ce and possibly correlates with the 1420 Oei orphan tsunami, that affected the eastern coast of Japan. A magnitude of 8·8 to 9·4 has been estimated for the earthquake, which may be one of the larger events of a super‐cycle of earthquakes in the southern Atacama Desert. These cycle‐ending earthquakes involve large rupture areas (lengths in excess of 600 km) and highly destructive ocean‐wide tsunamigenic events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean‐wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)

et al. 2019

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“…The spatial position and orientation of stones permitted us to hypothesize the absence of significant reworking, i.e., these seemed to be primary, undisturbed coastal megaclast deposits. Previous megaclast studies on the Pacific coast of the Americas are scarce, and, particularly, focused on two geographical domains, namely the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico [4,5] and northern and central Chile [41,99,100]. If so, the information from the Humboldt o Coredo Bay locality fills significant gap in the regional knowledge of coastal megaclast deposits characterizing those of Central America.…”

Section: Example 4: Humboldt O Coredo Bay (Colombia/panama; Eastern Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding Coastal Megaclast Deposits: A Virtual Perspective

Ruban

2020

JMSE

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Coastal megaclast deposits are dominated by detrital particles larger than 1 m in size. These attract significant attention of modern researchers because of the needs of sedimentary rock nomenclature development and interpretation of storm and tsunami signatures on seashores. If so, finding localities that exhibit coastal megaclast deposits is an important task. Field studies do not offer a quick solution, and, thus, remote sensing tools have to be addressed. The application of the Google Earth Engine has permitted to find four new localities, namely Hondarribia in northern Spain (Biscay Bay), the Ponza Island in Italy (Tyrrhenian Sea), the Wetar Island in eastern Indonesia (Banda Sea), and the Humboldt o Coredo Bay at the Colombia/Panama border (eastern Pacific). In these localities, coastal megaclast deposits consisting of blocks (1–10 m in size) and some megablocks (>10 m in size) are delineated and preliminary described in regard to the dominant size of particles, package density, mode of occurrence, etc. The limitations of such virtual surveys of coastal megaclast deposits are linked to an insufficiently high resolution of satellite images, as well as ‘masking’ effects of vegetation cover and cliff shadows. However, these limitations do not diminish the importance of the Google Earth Engine for finding these deposits. Consideration of some tourism-related information, including photos captured by tourists and bouldering catalogues, facilitates search for promising areas for subsequent virtual surveying of megaclast distribution. It is also established that the Google Earth Engine permits quantitative analysis of composition of coastal megaclast deposits in some areas, as well as to register decade-long dynamics or stability of these deposits, which is important to interpret their origin. The current opportunities for automatic detection of coastal megaclast deposits seem to be restricted.

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“…Stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses are widely applied by papers in this issue (Bahlburg et al, 2017;Bregy et al, 2017;Cisternas et al, 2017;Falvard et al, 2017;Hoffmann et al, 2017;Hong et al, 2017;Kosciuch et al, 2017;May et al, 2017;Pham et al, 2017;Soria et al, 2017;Tanigawa et al 2017;Tyuleneva et al 2017). Supplementing visual sediment descriptions, grain-size analysis provides a key indicator of sediment transport and deposition and is used by the majority of papers listed above.…”

Section: Expanding the Proxy Tool-kitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of recent storm surge and tsunami events (e.g. Bahlburg et al, 2017;Bregy et al, 2017;Cox et al, 2017;Pham et al, 2017;Falvard et al, 2017;Hong et al, 2017;Kosciuch et al, 2017;May et al, 2017;Soria et al, 2017;Tanigawa et al, 2017) are critical for advancing understanding of long-term records. To enable greater application of these modern analogues, further study of thresholds of evidence creation and preservation (including postdepositional alteration) is required.…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preface to marine geology special issue: Geological Records of Extreme Wave Events

2018

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The September 16, 2015 Illapel tsunami, Chile – Sedimentology of tsunami deposits at the beaches of La Serena and Coquimbo

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean‐wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)

Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean‐wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)

Finding Coastal Megaclast Deposits: A Virtual Perspective

Preface to marine geology special issue: Geological Records of Extreme Wave Events

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