The silane interphase of composites: Effects of process conditions on γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Culler, S. R.; Ishida, Hatsuo; Koenig, Jack L.

doi:10.1002/pc.750070406

Cited by 64 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Culler et al 7) described the formation of a bicarbonate salt. A partial reconversion of this compound is practicable by heating up to 100 8C under vacuum for 1 h. Simultaneously with this reconversion we can observe in the FTIR spectra a further cross-linking reaction between hydrolyzed siloxane groups to form a highly condensed amino siloxane network, schematically shown in Fig.…”

Section: Functionalization Of the Silicon Surfacementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Infrared spectroscopic methods have been used to investigate the variation at the interface between functionalized silica or glass fiber surfaces and reactive compounds. Different techniques were applied: transmission on thin films or pellets [5][6][7] (KBr, NaCl), diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy 6,7) (DRIFT), reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy 8,9) (RAIR) or the attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy [10][11][12][13] . Different methods for modifying silicon substrates and glass fibers to get amino-functionalized surfaces are described as well 1,2,5,6,8,14,15) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FTIR spectroscopic studies of interfacial reactions between amino functionalized silicon surfaces and molten maleic anhydride copolymers

Bayer

Eichhorn²,

Grundke

et al. 1999

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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SUMMARY: The interactions of two reactive maleic anhydride copolymers, a styrene maleic anhydride copolymer and an alternating copolymer of malic anhydride and a-olefin side chains, with amino-functionalized surfaces were studied by means of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The interfacial processes were detected at a planar surface of a thermally oxidized silicon as internal reflecting element. This ATR element can be understood as a model for a glass fiber which is used as reinforcing material in polymer matrices. A typical glass fiber coupling agent, c-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (c-APS), was used to functionalize the silicon dioxide layer. It was found that the amino groups of the amino siloxane network layer, which were obtained by a coating procedure with c-APS, react with the anhydride groups of the copolymer melt to form amic acid structures and imide structures depending on the chemical composition of the copolymers and the temperature.

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Section: Functionalization Of the Silicon Surfacementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR spectroscopic studies of interfacial reactions between amino functionalized silicon surfaces and molten maleic anhydride copolymers

Bayer

Eichhorn²,

Grundke

et al. 1999

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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“…Silanes were effective in improving the interface properties [122][123][124][125]. Alkoxy silanes are able to form bonds with hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: Effect Of Silane Coupling Agent Onto Natural Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites—A review

Kalia

Kaith

Kaur

2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

1,248

704

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In recent years, natural fibers reinforced composites have received much attention because of their lightweight, nonabrasive, combustible, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. Among the various natural fibers; flax, bamboo, sisal, hemp, ramie, jute, and wood fibers are of particular interest. A lot of research work has been performed all over the world on the use of natural fibers as a reinforcing material for the preparation of various types of composites. However, lack of good interfacial adhesion, low melting point, and poor resistance towards moisture make the use of natural fiber reinforced composites less attractive. Pretreatments of the natural fiber can clean the fiber surface, chemically modify the surface, stop the moisture absorption process, and increase the surface roughness. Among the various pretreatment techniques, graft copolymerization and plasma treatment are the best methods for surface modification of natural fibers. Graft copolymers of natural fibers with vinyl monomers provide better adhesion between matrix and fiber. In the present article, the use of pretreated natural fibers in polymer matrix‐based composites has been reviewed. Effect of surface modification of natural fibers on the properties of fibers and fiber reinforced polymer composites has also been discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Silane coupling agents were found to be effective in modifying the natural fiber-matrix interface. Various silanes were effective in improving the interface properties of wood-polypropylene (Coutinho et al 1997), mineral-filled elastomers (González et al 1997), fiber-reinforced epoxies (Culler et al 1986) and phenolics composites (Ghatge and Khisti 1989 …”

Section: Silane Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-treatment of Flax Fibers for use in Rotationally Molded Biocomposites

Wang

Panigrahi²,

Tabil³

et al. 2007

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

264

118

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Flax fibers can be used as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional reinforcing fibers (e.g., glass) in composites. The interest in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites is growing rapidly due to its high performance in terms of mechanical properties, significant processing advantages, excellent chemical resistance, low cost and low density. These advantages place natural fiber composites among the high performance composites having economic and environmental advantages. In the field of technical utilization of plant fibers, flax fiber-reinforced composites represent one of the most important areas. On the other hand, lack of good interfacial adhesion and poor resistance to moisture absorption make the use of natural fiber-reinforced composites less attractive. In order to improve their interfacial properties, fibers were subjected to chemical treatments, namely, mercerization, silane treatment, benzoylation, and peroxide treatment. Selective removal of non-cellulosic compounds constitutes the main objective of the chemical treatments of flax fibers to improve the performance of fiber-reinforced composites. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pre-treated flax fibers on the performance of the fiber-reinforced composites.Short flax fibers were derived from Saskatchewan-grown flax straws, for use in fiberreinforced composites. Composites consisting of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) or HDPE/LLDPE mix, chemically treated fibers and additives were prepared by the extrusion process. Extrusion is expected to improve the interfacial adhesion significantly as opposed to simple mixing of the two iii components. The extruded strands were then pelletized and ground. The test samples were prepared by rotational molding. The fiber surface topology and the tensile fracture surfaces of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy to determine whether the modified fiber-matrix interface had improved interfacial bonding.Mechanical and physical properties of the composites were evaluated. The differential scanning calorimetry technique was also used to measure the melting point of flax fiber and composite.Overall, the scanning electron microscopy photographs of fiber surface characteristics and fracture surfaces of composites clearly indicated the extent of fiber-matrix interface adhesion. Chemically treated fiber-reinforced composites showed better fiber-matrix interaction as observed from the good dispersion of fibers in the matrix system. Special thanks to my graduate committee Charles Maulé, the chair, for providing a motivating and enthusiastic environment during the many discussions and his helpful feedback and suggestions. The critique of this thesis by Dr. Chris Zhang, external examiner, is acknowledged.

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The silane interphase of composites: Effects of process conditions on γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Cited by 64 publications

References 24 publications

FTIR spectroscopic studies of interfacial reactions between amino functionalized silicon surfaces and molten maleic anhydride copolymers

FTIR spectroscopic studies of interfacial reactions between amino functionalized silicon surfaces and molten maleic anhydride copolymers

Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites—A review

Pre-treatment of Flax Fibers for use in Rotationally Molded Biocomposites

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