The Simon effect modulates N2cc and LRP but not the N2pc component

Cespón, Jesús; Galdo‐Álvarez, Santiago; Dı́az, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.019

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This analysis confirms that the Simon effect did not influence N2pc amplitude which is in line with previous work (Cespón, Galdo-Álvarez & Díaz., 2012).…”

Section: Simon Effect Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

Electrophysiological Evidence of Atypical Spatial Attention in Those with a High Level of Self-reported Autistic Traits

Dunn

Freeth

Milne

2016

J Autism Dev Disord

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Selective attention is atypical in individuals with autism spectrum conditions. Evidence suggests this is also the case for those with high levels of autistic traits. Here we investigated the neural basis of spatial attention in those with high and low levels of self-reported autistic traits via analysis of ERP deflections associated with covert attention, target selection and distractor suppression (the N2pc, N T and P D ). Larger N2pc and smaller P D amplitude was observed in those with high levels of autistic traits. These data provide neural evidence for differences in spatial attention, specifically, reduced distractor suppression in those with high levels of autistic traits, and may provide insight into the experience of perceptual overload often reported by individuals on the autism spectrum.

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“…This analysis confirms that the Simon effect did not influence N2pc amplitude which is in line with previous work (Cespón, Galdo-Álvarez & Díaz., 2012).…”

Section: Simon Effect Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

Electrophysiological Evidence of Atypical Spatial Attention in Those with a High Level of Self-reported Autistic Traits

Dunn

Freeth

Milne

2016

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…While this finding is clear in establishing that the task-irrelevant spatial information is able to gain control of the response formulation process, we are not aware of any LRP studies that have attempted to distinguish between the time-and magnitude-difference accounts. In fact, we are aware of only one LRP study that tried to quantify the response to the task-relevant source of information in isolation (Cespón, Galdo-Álvarez, & Díaz, 2012). Somewhat surprisingly, Cespón and colleagues found in this study that the LRP for incompatible trials (task-irrelevant information) was delayed relative to the LRP for neutral trials (task-relevant information).…”

Section: The Simon Effectmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…We did not present a neutral stimulus at fixation as in some earlier studies (e.g., Cespón, et al, 2012;Wiegand & Wascher, 2005) to avoid confounding the neutral condition, and hence differences between it and the congruent or incongruent condition, with the effects of a difference in eccentricity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing the time- and magnitude-difference accounts of the Simon effect: Evidence from the reach-to-touch paradigm

Finkbeiner

Heathcote

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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A Simon effect occurs when the irrelevant spatial attributes of a stimulus conflict with choice responses based on non-spatial stimulus attributes. Many theories of the Simon effect assume that activation from task-irrelevant spatial attributes becomes available before the activation from taskrelevant attributes. We refer to this as the time-difference account. Other theories follow a magnitude-difference account, assuming activation from relevant and irrelevant attributes becomes available at the same time, but with the activation from irrelevant attributes initially being stronger. To distinguish these two accounts, we incorporated the responsesignal procedure into the reach-to-touch paradigm to map out the emergence of the Simon effect. We also used a carefully calibrated neutral condition to reveal differences in the initial onset of the influence of relevant and irrelevant information. Our results establish that irrelevant spatial information becomes available earlier than relevant non-spatial information. This finding is consistent with the time-difference account and inconsistent with the magnitude-difference account. However, we did find a magnitude effect, in the form of reduced interference from irrelevant information, for the second of a sequence of two incongruent trials.

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“…According to the previous studies, when stimuli were presented in the Simon task with horizontal S-R arrangements, it might produce an overlap between LRP and N2 central contralateral (N2cc) (Praamstra and Oostenveld 2003;Praamstra 2006;Cespón et al 2012). N2cc occurs in the 200-300 ms latency range, which is related to the cognitive control for monitoring the selection of response (Cespón et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wascher and Wolber (2004) suggested that the activation of motor preparation was supposed to either support (in congruent condition) or hamper (in incongruent condition) the selection of the required response in the Simon task. It has been reported that incongruent trials lead to increasing LRP onset latency (Leuthold and Kopp 1998) and smaller amplitude (Cespón et al 2012;Van der Lubbe and Verleger 2002) relative to congruent trials. In addition, an early positive deflection of the LRP named the Gratton-dip has been observed in the incongruent condition of the Simon task, which indicates the automatic activation of the incorrect response (Gratton et al 1992;Vallesi et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-related lateralized readiness potential correlates of the emotion-priming Simon effect

Shang

Qiu

et al. 2016

Exp Brain Res

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The Simon effect indicates that the reaction time (RT) is shorter when the stimulus and response locations are congruent than when they are not. This study used a priming-target paradigm to explore the emotion-priming Simon effect with event-related potential techniques. The technique of residue iteration decomposition was employed to analyze the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) component, which contributed to disentangling the overlap between LRP and N2 central contralateral in the Simon task with horizontal stimulus-response arrangements. The behavioral result revealed significant Simon effect in RT. In the neural process, the Simon effect was reflected by both the stimulus-locked LRP (S-LRP) and the response-locked LRP (R-LRP), with the incongruent condition showing longer onset latency, larger Gratton-dip, and smaller negative-going deflection of S-LRP and smaller negative-going deflection of R-LRP. These findings suggest that the interference of irrelevant location information is located at the perceptual-encoding (indicated by S-LRP) and response-execution stages (indicated by R-LRP), providing evidence for both the perceptual-interference and response-interference accounts. However, the further linear regression result signaled that the Simon effect might be more closely related to the response-execution stage than the perceptual-encoding stage. In addition, the influence of emotion on the Simon effect was salient only in the incongruent condition, showing longer onset latency of S-LRP and larger Gratton-dip of R-LRP in the negative emotion-priming condition than in the neutral emotion-priming condition, which revealed that the emotional interference effect arose from the stages of perceptual encoding and early response execution only when the locations of a stimulus and the corresponding response were incongruent.

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The Simon effect modulates N2cc and LRP but not the N2pc component

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Electrophysiological Evidence of Atypical Spatial Attention in Those with a High Level of Self-reported Autistic Traits

Electrophysiological Evidence of Atypical Spatial Attention in Those with a High Level of Self-reported Autistic Traits

Distinguishing the time- and magnitude-difference accounts of the Simon effect: Evidence from the reach-to-touch paradigm

Event-related lateralized readiness potential correlates of the emotion-priming Simon effect

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