The single substance and mixture toxicity of quinolones to the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri

Mixture toxicity of three toxicants with similar and dissimilar modes of action to Daphnia magna

“…The results indicate that IA produces accurate predictions of the effects of multi-component mixtures of strictly dissimilarly acting toxicants tested on algae and bacteria. Under such conditions several authors found that CA generally overestimated the effects (Backhaus et al, 2000b;Faust et al, 2003). In experiments with similarly acting toxicants the observed effects were found to be in good agreement with CA predictions.…”

Occurrence and risks of antibiotics in the Laizhou Bay, China: Impacts of river discharge

“…Among these scarce studies, only a few have involved quantificational assessment of impacts of land-source inputs (riverine inputs or STP effluents) on the marine environment by flux (Minh et al, 2009;Zou et al, 2011), the dilution factor (Minh et al, 2009) or principal component analysis followed by multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) (Jia et al, 2011). But to our knowledge, limited studies assessed the ecological risks of antibiotics in the marine environment by now (Backhaus et al, 2000).…”

A comparison of fate and toxicity of selenite, biogenically, and chemically synthesized selenium nanoparticles to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryogenesis

“…The toxicity of nanoSe ion can be measured by the concentration-response curve of Na 2 SeO 3 . Therefore, mortality of embryos induced solely by nanoSe particle was calculated by using the response addition model (Backhaus et al, 2000):…”