The Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite - Based Composites for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

The developement and regeneration of healthy bone tissue is a complex process that includes the interaction of different cell types and requires a set of coordinated processes. The loss of bone tissue may occur due to various reasons: surgical removal, bone trauma (i.e., fractures) or systemic bone loss (i.e., osteoporosis). When the natural bone tissue is destroyed, the regeneration capacity of the bone is not always satisfactory. The result consists therefore in many functional and structural aberrations. In order to improve and accelerate the healing process, bone substitutes have been developed. Hydroxyapatite has been widely used in bone applications due to its excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and bioactivity [1,2]. The objective of this research is to obtain a new composite biomaterial that can be used as bone substitute. In this study, bovine hydroxyapatite obtained from freshly calcined bovine femur was used. The objective of this research is to obtain a new composite biomaterial that can be used as bone substitute. The experimental composite samples were obtained using bovine hydroxyapatite as matrix and tricalcium phosphate, respectively, magnesium oxide as reinforcement materials. The synthesis process of these new biomaterial composites, the effect of chemical composition, surface structure, chemical and phase composition as well as mechanical features have been investigated.

Hydrogel as a Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review

“…Many natural and non-biological materials used in preparing hydrogels are commonly used as bone graft substitutes for osteoconduction, which have the advantages of adjustable properties, good biocompatibility, and nonimmune response. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tertiary calcium phosphate (TCP) have good bone conductivity because they are similar to natural bone minerals [ 33 ]. Type I collagen facilitates mineral deposition by binding to non-collagen matrix proteins, thereby initiating and controlling mineralization, and is also an osteoconductive material [ 34 ].…”

Influence of Thermal Processing for 3D Printed Components

“…The association of 3D printing parameters and thermal processing results in a wide range of possible mechanical characteristics and behaviors for the same material when used as filament [37]. Along these aspects the presence of particles used for antibacterial or reinforcing purposes [38][39][40] might alter material flow in the nozzle and thermal distribution in the part while thermal processing [41].…”

Recycled Porcine Bone Powder as Filler in Thermoplastic Composite Materials Enriched with Chitosan for a Bone Scaffold Application

“…There are two common ways to obtain HA [ 21 ]: Synthetically (wet processing, dry processing, sol-gel, hydrothermal processing) or by extraction from naturally available materials (eggshells, fish scales, bovine bones). The synthetic product is still preferred for BTE applications thanks to its higher purity and biological and mechanical effectiveness [ 22 ]. However, several drawbacks were found in its employment [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], such as the use of expensive regent chemicals, the involvement of time-consuming and laborious work, possible triggering of inflammatory reactions by the host system due to implanted debris or foreign substances, and the slow degradation rate that hindered the rapid osteogenesis.…”