The Slacs Survey. Viii. The Relation Between Environment and Internal Structure of Early-Type Galaxies

Treu, Tommaso; Gavazzi, R.; Gorecki, A.; Marshall, Phil; Koopmans, L. V. E.; Bolton, A.; Moustakas, Leonidas A.; Burles, Scott

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/690/1/670

Cited by 120 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Lensing by line-of-sight structures is also not included in our model, and if these objects introduce a positive external convergence then our estimate of β will be low. Treu et al (2009) found no evidence that this line of sight is atypical, but even in the absence of a bias the unmodelled external convergence will lead to an artificially low uncertainty. We estimate that ignoring the external convergence results in a ∼ 1 per cent systematic uncertainty on β (i.e., comparable to the statistical uncertainty) which would degrade the precision of our inference on w by ≈ 25 per cent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cosmological constraints from the double source plane lens SDSSJ0946+1006

Collett

Auger

2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

122

115

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We present constraints on the equation of state of dark energy, w, and the total matter density, Ω M , derived from the double-source-plane strong lens SDSSJ0946+1006, the first cosmological measurement with a galaxy-scale doublesource-plane lens. By modelling the primary lens with an elliptical power-law mass distribution, and including perturbative lensing by the first source, we are able to constrain the cosmological scaling factor in this system to be β −1 = 1.404 ± 0.016, which implies Ω M = 0.33 +0.33 −0.26 for a flat ΛCDM cosmology. Combining with a CMB prior from Planck, we find w = −1.17 +0.20 −0.21 assuming a flat wCDM cosmology. This inference shifts the posterior by 1σ and improves the precision by 30 per cent with respect to Planck alone, and demonstrates the utility of combining simple, galaxy-scale multiple-source-plane lenses with other cosmological probes to improve precision and test for residual systematic biases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cosmological constraints from the double source plane lens SDSSJ0946+1006

Collett

Auger

2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

122

115

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“…Of course, this may not always be the case. Reports of IMF variation with the star-formation rate (Gunawardhana et al 2011) or the velocity dispersion of the galaxies (Treu et al 2009;van Dokkum & Conroy 2011;Thomas et al 2011;Dutton et al 2011;Cappellari et al 2012;Spiniello et al 2012) have recently appeared in the literature. Obviously, if the IMF is not universal, our results may be quite different since the stellar mass estimates could change in different ways at different galaxy masses.…”

Section: Some Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The galaxy stellar mass function and its evolution with time show no dependence on global environment

Vulcani

Poggianti

Oemler

et al. 2013

A&A

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We present an analysis of the galaxy stellar mass function in different environments at intermediate redshift (0.3 ≤ z ≤ 0.8) for two mass-limited galaxy samples. We use the IMACS Cluster Building Survey (ICBS; M * ≥ 10 10.5 M ) to study cluster, group and field galaxies at z = 0.3-0.45, and the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS; M * ≥ 10 10.2 M ) to investigate cluster and group galaxies at z = 0.4-0.8. Our analysis thus includes galaxies with masses reaching just below that of the Milky Way. Excluding the brightest cluster galaxies, we show that the shape of the mass distribution does not seem to depend on global environment, Our two main results are: (1) Galaxies in the virialised regions of clusters, in groups, and in the field follow similar mass distributions. (2) Comparing the ICBS and EDisCS mass functions to mass functions in the local universe, we detect evolution from z ∼ 0.4-0.6 to z ∼ 0.07 in the sense that the population of low-mass galaxies has grown with time with respect to the population of massive galaxies. This evolution is independent of environment, i.e., the same for clusters and the field. Furthermore, considering only cluster galaxies, we find that no differences can be detected in their mass functions either within the virialised regions, or when we compare galaxies inside and outside the virial radius. Finally, we find that red and blue galaxies have different mass functions. However, the shapes of the mass functions of blue and red galaxies do not seem to depend on their environment (clusters groups and the field).

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“…Studies of the physical and environmental properties of lowredshift strong-lens galaxies (z 0.3) have shown that they are bona fide massive early-type galaxies (ETGs; Treu et al 2006Treu et al , 2009Gavazzi et al 2007;Grillo et al 2009). The strong-lens sample in the COSMOS field (Paper I) spans a higher redshift range (0.33 ≤ z ≤ 1.13) and previous work on this sample have shown that the projected distribution of lens galaxies in COSMOS is comparable to that of ETGs, whether in rich environments such as cosmic filaments, or in the field (Faure et al 2009, hereafter Paper II).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the evolution of environmental and mass properties of strong lens galaxies in COSMOS

Fauré

Anguita

Alloin

et al. 2011

A&A

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Context. Nearly 100 new strong-lens candidates have been discovered in the COSMOS field. Among these, 20 lens candidates with 0.34 z lens 1.13 feature multiple images of background sources. Aims. Using the multi-wavelength coverage of the field and its spectroscopic follow-up, we characterize the evolution with redshift of the environment and of the dark-matter (DM) fraction of the lens galaxies. Methods. We present spectroscopic and new photometric redshifts of the strong-lens candidates. The lens environment is characterized in the following way: we account for the projected 10 closest galaxies around each lens and for galaxies with a projected distance less than 1 Mpc at the lens galaxy redshift. In both cases, we perform similar measurements on a control sample of "twin" non-lens early-type galaxies (ETGs). In addition, we identify group members and field galaxies in the X-ray and optical catalogs of galaxy groups and clusters. From those catalogs, we measure the external shear contribution of the groups/clusters surrounding the lens galaxies. The systems are then modeled using a singular isothermal ellipsoid for the lens galaxies plus the external shear produced by the groups/clusters. Results. We observe that the average stellar mass of lens galaxies increases with redshift. In addition, we measure that the environment of lens galaxies is compatible with that of the twins over the whole redshift range tested here. During the lens modeling, we notice that when let free, the external shear points in a direction which is the mean direction of the external shear produced by the groups/clusters and of the closest galaxy to the lens. We also notice that the DM fraction of the lens galaxies measured within the Einstein radius significantly decreases as the redshift increases. Conclusions. Given these observations, we conclude that while the environment of lens galaxies is compatible with that of non-lens ETGS over a wide range of redshifts, their mass properties evolves significantly with redshift: it is still not clear whether this advocates in favor of a stronger lensing bias toward massive objects at high redshift or if it is simply representative of the high proportion of massive and high stellar density galaxies at high redshift.

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The Slacs Survey. Viii. The Relation Between Environment and Internal Structure of Early-Type Galaxies

Cited by 120 publications

References 77 publications

Cosmological constraints from the double source plane lens SDSSJ0946+1006

Cosmological constraints from the double source plane lens SDSSJ0946+1006

The galaxy stellar mass function and its evolution with time show no dependence on global environment

On the evolution of environmental and mass properties of strong lens galaxies in COSMOS

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