The slightly-enriched spectral shift control reactor

Abstract

An advaaced converter reactor design utilizing mechanical spectral shift control rods in a conventional pressurized water reactor configuration is under investigation. The design is based on the principle that a harder spectrum during the early part of the fuel cycle will result in larger neutron captures in fertile 238U, which can then be burned in situ in a softer spectrunl later in the cycle. Preliminary design calculations performed during FY 89 showed that the slightly-enriched spectral shift reactor design offers the benefit nf substantially increased fuel resource utilization with the proven safety characteristics of the pressurized water reactor technology retained. Optimization of the fuel design and development of fuel management strategies were carried out in FY 90, along with effort to develop and validate neutronic methodology for tight-lattice configurations with hard spectra.During FY 91, the final year of the grant, the final SESSR design was determined, and reference design analyses were performed for the assemblies as well as the global core configuration, both at the beginning of cycle (BOC) and with depletion. The final SESSR design results in approximately a 20% increase in the utilization of uranium resources, based on equilibrium fuel cycle analyses. Acceptable pin power peaking is obtained with the final core design, with assembly peaking factors equal to less than 1.04 for spectral shift control rods both inserted and withdrawn, and global peaking factors at BOC predicted to be 1.4. In addition, a negative MTC is maintained for BOC, which is difficult to achieve with conventional advanced converter designs based on a closed fuel ;a cycle. The SESSR design avoids the need for burnable poison absorber, although they could be added if desired to increase the cycle length while maintaining a negative MTC. A number of challenging reactor physics questions remain, including the treatment of resonance absorption in tight lattice reactors such as the SESSR and the optima, control of SSCRs throughout the fuel cycle to optimize the product',on and subsequent burnup of plutonium.

"Advanced" isn't Always Better: Assessing the Safety, Security, and Environmental Impacts of Non-Light-Water Nuclear Reactors

“…Positive void coefficients and their associated instabilities also proved to be a significant issue in LWR spectral shift reactors because of the higher plutonium inventories in the reactor. Designs that avoided this problem only increased uranium use efficiency by 20 percent-an insignificant increase-compared to ordinary LWRs (Martin et al 1991).…”

Application of the Spectral-Shift Effect in the Small Lead-Based Reactor SLBR-50

“…The spectral-shift effect was studied and the spectral-shift control concept was first proposed in 1961 in the Babcock and Wilcox company report (Mars and Gans, 1961). After that, the spectral-shift effect was studied in the pressurized water reactor design (Ronen and Galperin, 1980;Ronen and Fahima, 1984;Martin, 1988) and extended to the boiling water reactor design (Yokomizo et al, 1993). In the 21st century, the spectral-shift effect research was applied in the new-type advanced reactor.…”