The source and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in sediments of Port Jackson, Australia

Birch, G.F.; Harrington, Carmel; Symons, Robert; Hunt, James W.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.10.009

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The sediment concentrations in the studied area are among the lowest background levels reported in the literature, which in all cases were below 100 pg I-TEQ/g d.w. Maximum concentrations were reported for marine sediments from the Gulf of Bothnia (0.97-64 pg I-TEQ/g d.w.), Gulf of Finland (14.2-25 pg I-TEQ/g d.w.), the proper Baltic Sea (5.56-50 pg I-TEQ/g d.w.) or in the Swedish coasts (0.8-82.2 pg I-TEQ/g d.w.; Vartiainen et al 1997;Isosaari et al 2002;Birch et al 2007;Verta et al 2007). The widespread use of wood preservatives in the forestry industry and also chlorine-based bleaching process in the pulp and paper industry together with the influence of atmospheric deposition from combustion sources causes the relative high PCDD/Fs concentrations in sediments from these areas.…”

Section: Background Pcdd/fs and Dl-pcbs Levels In The North Atlantic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widespread use of wood preservatives in the forestry industry and also chlorine-based bleaching process in the pulp and paper industry together with the influence of atmospheric deposition from combustion sources causes the relative high PCDD/Fs concentrations in sediments from these areas. In other coastal areas in the Mediterranean Sea, PCDD/Fs concentrations were slightly lower, like in the Venice Lagoon (0.02-47 pg I-TEQ/g d.w.), the Caspian Sea (0.7-28 pg I-TEQ/g d.w.) or even in the Black Sea, Istanbul, where reported background concentrations were somewhat slightly lower (0.01-2.85 pg I-TEQ/g d.w.; Frignani et al 2005;Birch et al 2007;Okay et al 2009). This contrasts sharply with levels found in sediments from the North Sea (0.6-2.8 pg I-TEQ/g d.w.), the French and Belgian Coasts (0.52 and 0.06-0.95 pg I-TEQ/g d.w., respectively; Danis et al 2006;Birch et al 2007).…”

Section: Background Pcdd/fs and Dl-pcbs Levels In The North Atlantic mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Sediments from the Spanish Northern Atlantic Coast

Gómez-Lavín

Gorri

Irabien

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Surface coastal sediments (0-10 cm) collected from three natural environments on the Spanish Northern Atlantic Coast were analyzed so as to determine concentrations of 6 marker polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 12 dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). An analytical procedure based on Soxhlet extraction followed by an automated cleanup and final high-resolution gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied for the determination of the persistent organic pollutants. Marker PCB levels ranged from 385.5 to 4,060.9 pg/g dry weight (d.w.) showing a similar congener pattern in all sediments dominated by the less volatile congeners PCB 153 and PCB 138. Linear correlations were found between marker and dl-PCBs. Toxicity equivalent values were calculated for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs reaching its maximum at 0.52 pg WHO 1998 -TEQ/g d.w., with an average dl-PCBs contribution on the toxicity of the samples of 75%, and showing to be in good agreement with background levels in the North-East Atlantic Ocean Coasts of nearly 1 pg/g WHO 1998 -TEQ d.w. Dimensionless environmental quality criteria were much lower than 1 indicating the low probability to induce ecotoxicological impacts.

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Section: Background Pcdd/fs and Dl-pcbs Levels In The North Atlantic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background Pcdd/fs and Dl-pcbs Levels In The North Atlantic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Sediments from the Spanish Northern Atlantic Coast

Gómez-Lavín

Gorri

Irabien

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…In SOP, wetlands designed to intercept urban contaminated sediments (by settlement in ponded areas) may require future alterations to deal with reductions in stream/pond depth. The eastern shore of Homebush Bay, a heavily POP contaminated site (Birch et al, 2007), is currently subject to remediation by sediment dredging and treatment by directly heated thermal desorption. It is important that the potential of these processes to increase the bioavailability of sediment-bound contaminants be assessed and relayed to site managers.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in TCDDeq in water samples through disturbance of sediments in the current study supports this and has implications for any further remediation in the area, particularly in Homebush Bay. In February 2006, high levels of dioxins in commercial and recreational fish species linked with contamination of sediment in Homebush Bay led to a ban on fin fishing and prawn trawling in the Port Jackson estuary (Birch et al, 2007). The high levels of TCDDeq reported here in sediment from the mouth of Haslams Ck and Homebush Bay reflect the known history of uncontrolled dumping and leakage of chemical manufacturing wastes in and around the bay and are consistent with previously reported high concentrations of organic contaminants (Birch and Taylor, 2002;Birch et al, 2007).…”

Section: Mobilisation Of Ahr Ligands Through Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of POPs and their effects in mosquitofish in Sydney Olympic Park, Australia

Rawson

Tremblay

Warne

et al. 2009

Science of The Total Environment

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a b s t r a c tThe site of the 2000 Olympic Games (Sydney Olympic Park (SOP), Sydney, Australia) was contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) prior to remediation in the 1990s. This study investigates the bioactivity of POPs in the sediment and water of wetlands across SOP by in vitro 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalence (TCDDeq) measurement (H4IIE cell line bioassay). Further, it examines whether disturbance of these sediments is likely to mobilise ligands for this receptor into the water column. Exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands was measured in vivo using hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction (EROD) in the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Aqueous TCDDeq ranged from 0.013 to 0.057 pM in SOP wetlands which was significantly (p b 0.05) less that in urban reference sites. These concentrations were not correlated to physical or chemical characteristics of the wetlands. In the sediments, TCDDeq ranged from 0.0016 to 7.06 µg/kg and these were not significantly (p ≥ 0.05) different to that measured in urban reference sites. Simulated disturbance of small quantities of sediment in water samples significantly (p b 0.05) increased the levels of TCDDeq measured in the water. Sediment TCDDeq was correlated to sediment ΣPAH concentration in 2006 and sediment ΣPCB, ΣDDT concentrations and fine sediment grain size in 2005. While fish at one SOP wetland had hepatic EROD activity elevated above the estimated basal level for this species, these were at the lower end of the range measured in urban impacted, non-remediated wetlands. EROD activity was positively correlated with both the sediment ΣPCB load and aqueous TCDDeq. Increased catchment size was correlated with increased EROD activity suggesting an even spread of POPs throughout the residential areas of the Sydney metropolitan area. The concentration of bioactive POPs in the wetlands of SOP is therefore low relative to urban reference sites demonstrating the ongoing success of the remediation program..

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“…Estuaries were chosen to represent two heavily contaminated and one relatively clean reference estuary. Homebush Bay is located within Sydney Harbour in close proximity to historical manufacturing sites and is well known for its high levels of contamination, in particular the very toxic dioxins (Birch et al 2007). Port Kembla is a major industrial port south of Sydney with over 70 years of use by heavy industry.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators of environmental stress: cellular biomarkers and reproductive responses in the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata)

Edge

Johnston

Roach³

et al. 2012

Ecotoxicology

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We measured a suite of common biomarker responses for the first time in the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata to evaluate their utility as biological effects measures for pollution monitoring. To examine the relationship between biomarker responses and population level effects, fertilisation and embryo development assays were also conducted. Adult oysters were deployed in two contaminated estuaries and a reference estuary in Sydney, Australia. The concentrations of various contaminants (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAHs) were quantified in oyster's tissue from each site and both metals and total PAHs were significantly elevated in contaminated estuaries relative to the reference estuary. Lysosomal membrane destabilisation, lipid peroxidation levels and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured in the digestive gland of oysters. Of all biomarkers measured, lysosomal membrane destabilisation proved to be the most useful indicator of oysters facing anthropogenic stress and we suggest this may be an especially useful biomarker for incorporation into local environmental monitoring programs. Moreover, lysosomal membrane destabilisation showed good correlations with fertilisation, normal embryo development and estuary status. GSH and lipid peroxidation were not as valuable for distinguishing between estuaries exposed to differing levels of anthropogenic stress, but did provide additional valuable information regarding overall health status of the oysters.

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The source and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in sediments of Port Jackson, Australia

Cited by 70 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Sediments from the Spanish Northern Atlantic Coast

Assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Sediments from the Spanish Northern Atlantic Coast

Bioactivity of POPs and their effects in mosquitofish in Sydney Olympic Park, Australia

Indicators of environmental stress: cellular biomarkers and reproductive responses in the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata)

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