The Source, Transport, and Removal of Chemical Elements in Rainwater in China

Abstract

Rainwater is one of the most important parts of water resources and aerosols. The content of chemical elements in rainwater influences air quality significantly. It is extremely important for high-quality sustainable agriculture development and the cultivation of China’s natural landscape to understand and control the sources, transport, and removal of chemical elements in rainwater. Currently, there are some reports on the sources and removal of chemical elements in rainwater; however, these papers do not completely and clearly explain where the chemical elements in the rainwater originate and how they are transported and removed. A review of published literature related to chemical elements in rainwater shows that industrialization and urbanization increase the levels of atmospheric pollutants and trace elements in rainwater, contaminating soil and surface water as well as other natural resources. The Chinese government established a series of sponge cities, rainwater wetlands, rainwater gardens, and biological detention pools to improve the quality of sewage so as to realize the reuse of water resources, the sustainable development of high-quality agriculture, and the cultivation of China’s natural landscape.

Chemophysical and Metallic Characterization of Surface Water and Precipitation for Environmental Quality Assessment in Oyigbo L.G.A., Rivers State, Nigeria

“…The calculation of the river water samples (7), and rainwater samples (34) is carried out in Microsoft excel and reported using the format presented by Table 3, and 4.…”

“…This practice contributes significantly to air pollution, with operations like gas flaring, oil spills, transportation, and illicit activities like oil theft and artisanal mining releasing substantial quantities of pollutants, particularly soot, into the atmosphere [6]. Precipitation, particularly rainwater, a vital component of environmental resources, undergoes chemical alterations as it traverses the atmosphere, incorporating these pollutants such as soot, trace elements, and heavy metals, consequently impacting its quality [7]. Water resources, encompassing precipitation water like rain, and surface water like rivers, face the direct substantial threats from anthropogenic activities like overexploitation and pollution, necessitating urgent measures for environmental sustainability [8,9].…”

Geospatial Variability and Distribution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in Soot-Contaminated Rain and Rivers at Oyigbo, Niger Delta, Nigeria

“…In petroleum-producing areas like the Niger Delta, oil-related activities, such as gas flaring, contribute to environmental pollution [6,7]. Gas flaring, a common practice in the region, releases pollutants like soot into the atmosphere, impacting air quality and subsequently affecting rainwater composition [8,9]. Rainfall, acting as a natural cleansing process, collects pollutants from the atmospheande, including total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) [10].…”