The Stability and Properties of Polystyrene/Kaolinite Nanocomposites during Synthesis via Emulsion Polymerization

Neto, José Costa de Macêdo; Freitas, Bruno Mello de; Miranda, Alice; Rodrigues, Reinaldo de Almeida; Pino, Gilberto García del; Kieling, Antônio Cláudio; Santos, Marcos Dantas dos; Duvoisin, Sérgio; Sanches, Antônio Estanislau; Torné, Israel Gondres; Silva, Cláudia Cândida; Costa, João Carlos Martins da; Bello, Roger Hoel

doi:10.3390/polym15092094

Polymers

2023

DOI: 10.3390/polym15092094

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The Stability and Properties of Polystyrene/Kaolinite Nanocomposites during Synthesis via Emulsion Polymerization

José Costa de Macêdo Neto

Bruno Mello de Freitas

Alice Miranda

et al.

Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the stability and morphological properties of polystyrene latex containing kaolinite as a filler during the process of synthesis of nanocomposites viaemulsion polymerization. Nanocomposites with 1, 3, and 5 wt% of kaolinite were prepared. Latexes with 1 to 3 wt% of kaolinite were stable during the polymerization reaction. Hydrodynamic diameters of 93.68 and 82.11 nm were found for latexes with 1 and 3 wt% of kaolinite, respectively. The quantities of 1 to 3 wt% of kaolinite ad… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Among them, the improvement of abrasion properties, mechanical performance, stability against heat and improvements in processing of rubber blends are the most important. Kaolinite and its modified forms can be an alternative material for obtaining functional claysbased composites with novel properties in comparison with conventional materials [2,[8][9][10][11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of kaolinite modified with Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) salts on selected properties of tread rubber blend

Pajtášová,

Pecušová,

Ondrušová

et al. 2024

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Effect of kaolinite modified with Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) salts as a partial replacement for carbon black (1 and 8 phr) on the properties of the model tread rubber blend was examined. The blends were prepared in a two-stage process in a Brabender mixer at temperatures of 120°C and 100°C, respectively, with a constant mixing speed of 50 rpm. FT-IR confirmed the formation of copper hydroxyacetate monohydrate complex, which may indicate chemical interactions between rubber components and modified kaolinite. The filler improved technological parameters, tensile properties and hardness. Resistance to thermal aging has also increased.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of kaolinite modified with Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) salts on selected properties of tread rubber blend

Pajtášová,

Pecušová,

Ondrušová

et al. 2024

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Different rotations in the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene extrusion process and their influence on fracture and mechanical properties

Neto,

Teixeira Junior,

Costa

et al. 2023

Matéria (Rio J.)

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ABS resins have wide application in the market, mainly in the manufacture of household appliances, telephones, automotive industry and others, and need to be processed by extrusion for the manufacture of products. The variables used in the process of extrusion of polymers have a direct influence on their mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different speeds of the extruder screw (15, 30, 45 and 60 rpm) on the mechanical properties of raw ABS after the extrusion process. Izod impact resistance and tensile tests, were also performed. The fractures of the samples tested by Izod impact were observed via optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and roughness was measured. Calorimetric tests (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA), as well as melt flow index (MFI), were also performed. The most significant results were observed for the extruder screw speed of 60 rpm. For the impact test, a reduction in impact energy of approximately 3% was observed, with the same result for tensile resistance. However, an increase in the value of the elastic modulus and the MFI was observed due to the increase in the degree of crystallinity, which was caused by the higher shear of the polymer mass in the screw of the extrusion equipment. Additionally, an atypical case occurred for the ABS polymer in the highest rotation, since it was the polymer that suffered the greatest shear in the polymer chains due to the degradation of the butadiene phase.

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The Need for Properly Designed Synthesized Micro- and Nanoplastics with Core–Shell Structure

Galakhova,

Meisel,

Riess

2024

Microplastics

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While there are a number of available reference and testing materials for micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) studies in toxicology, they are not well-characterized and do not cover all major polymer types that may potentially pollute the environment. This review article will address the question of why we need properly designed synthesized micro- and nanoplastics with a core–shell structure (with organic–inorganic units) and provide researchers with a scientific basis for the design of synthesized MNP particles. It will include a list of commercially available MNPs, an overview of the theoretical background to polymer particle synthesis, and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of MNP preparation methods, namely, fragmentation and synthesis, along with examples of synthesized MNP particles. The current study will demonstrate that polystyrene is one of the most prevalent MNP particle types among reference materials from certification bodies and among testing particles synthesized by chemical scientists. Nevertheless, the global industrial production of polystyrene represents approximately 5% of the total, and it is not a dominant plastic type in the textile or packaging industries. In contrast to mechanically fragmented MNP particles, the synthesis approach offers the potential to control the physico-chemical properties, enabling the more selective detection and quantification, as well as a greater comparability of the results amongst toxicological studies.

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The Stability and Properties of Polystyrene/Kaolinite Nanocomposites during Synthesis via Emulsion Polymerization

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of kaolinite modified with Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) salts on selected properties of tread rubber blend

Effect of kaolinite modified with Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) salts on selected properties of tread rubber blend

Different rotations in the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene extrusion process and their influence on fracture and mechanical properties

The Need for Properly Designed Synthesized Micro- and Nanoplastics with Core–Shell Structure

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