The statistical analysis of crash-frequency data: A review and assessment of methodological alternatives

On accommodating spatial dependence in bicycle and pedestrian injury counts by severity level

“…Several methodological challenges arise when modeling crash frequency-related data (see Lord and Mannering, 2010 for a good review). The focus of the current study is on addressing two specific methodological challenges that lead to the proposed spatial multivariate count model.…”

Analysis on Influencing Factors Identification of Crash Rates Using Tobit Model with Endogenous Variable

“…a a a f = + + + (3) where Zi represents the factors influencing the crash rate, vector of exogenous variables, 2 a is the coefficient of the endogenous variables, 3 a is the coefficient of the exogenous variables, 1 a is a constant, and i f is a real number and denotes the error terms.…”

“…where N is the number of observations, Yi 1 is observed endogenous variable vector, Y * i 1 is unobserved endogenous variable vector, Xi 1 represents the vector of endogenous variables, Zi 1 represents the factors influencing crash rates, vector of exogenous variables, a is a coefficient of endogenous variables, 1 b is a coefficient of exogenous variables, i 1 f denotes the error term.…”

“…In recent years, there have been many studies on the crash frequency models including (see Literature [1] for detailed description): Poisson models; negative binomial models; Poisson-lognormal models; zero-inflated count models; Conway-Maxwell-Poisson models; Gamma models; generalized estimating equation models; generalized additive models; random effects models; negative multinomial models; random parameters count models; finite mixture and Markov switching models, and other intelligent algorithms.…”

Comparative Analysis of Safety Performance Indicators Based on Inductive Loop Detector Data

“…However, researchers have noted the deficient aspects of studies focusing on crash counts as the only data source. For example, Lord and Mannering reviewed data and methodological issues in research based on crash data [2]. Studies of crash counts are based on a reactive approach that is inherently limited by the available data and includes no information about pre-crash events.…”