The Status and Future Prospects of Hydropower for Sustainable Water and Energy Development in Tanzania

Kichonge, Baraka

doi:10.1155/2018/6570358

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The combination of the rapidly growing population [39,40] and projected climate changes [40] create an urgent need for resilient hydropower management strategies [40]. A commitment to the development and sustainable management of hydropower electricity generation plants in East Africa is thus central to achieving sustainable growth [35,41].…”

Section: East Africa's Increasing Demand For Hydropowermentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers, Impacts and Mitigation of Increased Sedimentation in the Hydropower Reservoirs of East Africa

Amasi

Wynants

Blake

et al. 2021

Land

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Hydropower reservoirs are essential for the climate-neutral development of East Africa. Hydropower production, however, is threatened by human activities that lead to a decrease in water storage capacity of reservoirs. Land use/land cover and climatic changes are driving accelerated soil erosion in semi-arid East Africa, which ultimately increases reservoir sedimentation and decreases energy production. Sediment delivery dynamics at the catchment scale are complex, involving the interaction of multiple factors and processes on different spatial and temporal scales. A lack of understanding of these processes and their interactions may impede the efficiency of sediment mitigation and control strategies. A deep understanding of the processes of erosion and connectivity of the land to river channel, as well as storage of eroded material within hillslopes and floodplains, and sediment accumulation in the reservoirs supports selection of future dam locations and sustainable management of reservoirs. The sediment budget approach can provide such a holistic perspective by accounting for the various sediment sources, transport, sinks, and redistribution when the sediment is routed through that catchment. Constructing sediment budgets is challenging, but the potential for integrating a number of different techniques offers new opportunities to collect the required information. In East Africa, the spatial planning of dams is mainly dominated by political and financial motives, and impacts of land use and climate on the sediment transport dynamics are not adequately considered. Production of sediment budgets under different scenarios of land use and climate change should be an essential step when deciding the location and management strategies for dams. Selection of new hydroelectric reservoir sites must consider long-term scientific data on climate change, and the sediment budget components for sustainable land management planning, hydropower sustainability.

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Section: East Africa's Increasing Demand For Hydropowermentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers, Impacts and Mitigation of Increased Sedimentation in the Hydropower Reservoirs of East Africa

Amasi

Wynants

Blake

et al. 2021

Land

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“…Increasing the level of access to electricity is highly prioritized for the Tanzanian government. However, government plans for electrification centre on fossil fuels and an ambition to vastly expand the country's large-scale hydroelectric resources (Amars et al 2017;Bhati and Koshy 2018;Kichonge 2018). The official generation expansion plan assumes that in 2025, 75% of the power production will be supplied by fossil fuel fired power plants, 20% by hydro and 5% by other renewables (Aly et al 2017).…”

Section: Path Creation Preconditions For Beccs In Tanzania: Ethanol Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconditions for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Tanzania

Hansson

Fridahl

Anshelm

et al. 2019

Environ Dev Sustain

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Most mitigation scenarios compatible with a likely change of holding global warming well below 2 °C rely on negative emissions technologies (NETs). According to the integrated assessment models (IAMs) used to produce mitigation scenarios for the IPCC reports, the NET with the greatest potential to achieve negative emissions is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Crucial questions arise about where the enormous quantities of biomass needed according to the IAM scenarios could feasibly be produced in a sustainable manner. Africa is attractive in the context of BECCS because of large areas that could contribute biomass energy and indications of substantial underground CO 2 storage capacities. However, estimates of large biomass availability in Africa are usually based on highly aggregated datasets, and only a few studies explore future challenges or barriers for BECCS in any detail. Based on previous research and literature, this paper analyses the preconditions for BECCS in Tanzania by studying what we argue are the applications of BECCS, or the components of the BECCS chain, that are most feasible in the country, namely (1) as applied to domestic sugarcane-based energy production (bioethanol), and (2) with Tanzania in a producer and re-growth role in an international BECCS chain, supplying biomass or biofuels for export to developed countries. The review reveals that a prerequisite for both options is either the existence of a functional market for emissions trading and selling, making negative emissions a viable commercial investment, or sustained investment through aid programmes. Also, historically, an important barrier to the development of production capacity of liquid biofuels for export purposes has been given by ethical dilemmas following in the wake of demand for land to facilitate production of biomass, such as sugarcane and jatropha. In these cases, conflicts over access to land and mismanagement have been more of a rule than an exception. Increased production volumes of solid biomass for export to operations that demand bioenergy, be it with or without a CCS component, is likely to give rise to similar conflicts. While BECCS may well play an important role in reducing emissions in countries with high capacity to act combined with existing large point sources of biogenic CO 2 emissions, it seems prudent to proceed with utmost caution when implicating BECCS deployment in least developed countries, like Tanzania.The paper argues that negative BECCS-related emissions from Tanzania should not be assumed in global climate mitigation scenarios.

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“…Some countries, like Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, and Slovakia, have experienced arid weather patterns [9,10], while some other countries, like the United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Lithuania, and Myanmar, have experienced intensified precipitation events [11,12]. e adverse impacts of these extreme climate events have influenced water supply systems [13], sewer systems [14], agriculture [15], hydropower development [16], and transportation [17]. However, triggering natural disasters like landslides, floods, and torrential winds brings more weight to the problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflow Forecast of Iranamadu Reservoir, Sri Lanka, under Projected Climate Scenarios Using Artificial Neural Networks

Karunanayake

Gunathilake

Rathnayake

2020

Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing

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Prediction of water resources for future years takes much attention from the water resources planners and relevant authorities. However, traditional computational models like hydrologic models need many data about the catchment itself. Sometimes these important data on catchments are not available due to many reasons. Therefore, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are useful soft computing tools in predicting real-world scenarios, such as forecasting future water availability from a catchment, in the absence of intensive data, which are required for modeling practices in the context of hydrology. These ANNs are capable of building relationships to nonlinear real-world problems using available data and then to use that built relationship to forecast future needs. Even though Sri Lanka has an extensive usage of water resources for many activities, including drinking water supply, irrigation, hydropower development, navigation, and many other recreational purposes, forecasting studies for water resources are not being carried out. Therefore, there is a significant gap in forecasting water availability and water needs in the context of Sri Lanka. Thus, this paper presents an artificial neural network model to forecast the inflows of one of the most important reservoirs in northern Sri Lanka using the upstream catchment’s rainfall. Future rainfall data are extracted using regional climate models for the years 2021–2050 and the inflows of the reservoir are forecasted using the validated neural network model. Several training algorithms including Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), BFGS quasi-Newton (BFG), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) have been used to find the best fitting training algorithm to the prediction process of the inflows against the measured inflows. Results revealed that the LM training algorithm outperforms the other tests algorithm in developing the prediction model. In addition, the forecasted results using the projected climate scenarios clearly showcase the benefit of using the forecasting model in solving future water resource management to avoid or to minimize future water scarcity. Therefore, the validated model can effectively be used for proper planning of the proposed drinking water supply scheme to the nearby urban city, Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka.

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The Status and Future Prospects of Hydropower for Sustainable Water and Energy Development in Tanzania

Cited by 18 publications

References 70 publications

Drivers, Impacts and Mitigation of Increased Sedimentation in the Hydropower Reservoirs of East Africa

Drivers, Impacts and Mitigation of Increased Sedimentation in the Hydropower Reservoirs of East Africa

Preconditions for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Tanzania

Inflow Forecast of Iranamadu Reservoir, Sri Lanka, under Projected Climate Scenarios Using Artificial Neural Networks

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