The structure and composition of Aleurone grains in the Barley Aleurone layer

Jacobsen, John V.; Knox, R. B.; Pyliotis, N. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00386827

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Oleosomes are present in large numbers and are exclusively located along the cell wall and around the aleurone grains. The aleurone grains, the other major component of aleurone cells, are spherical protein bodies, containing two kinds of inclusions: The so-called globoid inclusion, which normally appears as an electron transparent body, but occasionally containing electron dense material believed to be phytin (16), and the socalled crystalloid inclusion, which appears as a homogeneous body of intermediate electron density, believed to contain protein and carbohyc~rate (16). Aleurone grains contain one or several globoids, but seldom more than one crystalloid.…”

Section: The Aleurone Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The ultrastructure of germinating barley seeds. I. Changes in the scutellum and the aleurone layer in Nordal barley

Gram

1982

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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The ultr~tstructure of the scutellum and the aleurone layer has been examined in seeds of Nordal barley following malting for 0, 30, 72, 120 and 162 hours at 15 ~ Thick sections from the seeds were stained with Calcofluor White M2R New and examined in the light microscope to determine the extent of cell wall degradation in the endosperm.The changes in the scutellar parenchyma cells include degradation of the protein bodies and the appearance of vacuoles and prominent amyloplasts. The analysis of a serially sectioned epithelial cell from the scutellum 72 hours after the start of malting revealed a large number of Golgi apparatuses, preferentially located near the cell wall. It is suggew that the presence and location of the Golgi apparatuses are related to enzyme secretion. Following malting for 72 hours or more, the epithelial cells contain lomasomes and membrane aggregates, termed membrane bodies. The analysis indicated that lomasomes originate from the membrane bodies and are involved in the growth of the cell walls of the epithelium. Organelles indicating cellular activity, i.e., rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi apparatuses, first appear in the epithelial cells of the scutellum, and later in the cells of the aleurone layer. Furthermore, the degradation of the endosperm starts in the vicinity of the scutellum as judged by the ca|cofiuor staining. Therefore, it is concluded that the scuteltar epithelium provides the enzymes during the initial degradation of the endosperm. In seeds malted for 162 hours, aleurone ceils with a cytoplasmic organisation indicative of active metabolism are located in the embryo part of the seed, whereas aleurone ceils adjacent to unmodified endosperm in the distal end of the same seed show little or no structural sign of activity.

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Section: The Aleurone Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The ultrastructure of germinating barley seeds. I. Changes in the scutellum and the aleurone layer in Nordal barley

Gram

1982

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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“…The location of some protein storage vacuoles is indicated in Figure 1, but with the exception of Figures 1B and 1F, they are out of the plane of focus. The characteristics of the barley aleurone protein storage vacuole have been described previously (Jacobsen et al, 1971;Fernandez and Staehelin, 1985;Bush et al, 1986). Protein storage vacuoles are the predominant organelle of barley aleurone cells and are present at grain maturity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Protein storage vacuoles are the predominant organelle of barley aleurone cells and are present at grain maturity. They contain numerous inclusions of phytin and protein/carbohydrate (Figures 1A and 1E;Jacobsen et al, 1971) and are delineated by a tonoplast that has oleosomes embedded between the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane (Fernandez and Staehelin, 1985). The presence of oleosomes makes the protein storage vacuole tonoplast refractile and easily visible by light microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of Vacuoles: Characterization of Lytic Organelles by Use of Fluorescent Probes

1998

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Light microscopy was used to study the structure and function of vacuoles in living protoplasts of barley ( Hordeum vulgare cv Himalaya) aleurone. Light microscopy showed that aleurone protoplasts contain two distinct types of vacuole: the protein storage vacuole and a lysosome-like organelle, which we have called the secondary vacuole. Fluorescence microscopy using pH-sensitive fluorescent probes and a fluorogenic substrate for cysteine proteases showed that both protein storage vacuoles and secondary vacuoles are acidic, lytic organelles. Ratio imaging showed that the pH of secondary vacuoles was lower in aleurone protoplasts incubated in gibberellic acid than in those incubated in abscisic acid. Uptake of fluorescent probes into intact, isolated protein storage vacuoles and secondary vacuoles required ATP and occurred via at least two types of vanadate-sensitive, ATP-dependent tonoplast transporters. One transporter catalyzed the accumulation of glutathione-conjugated probes, and another transported probes not conjugated to glutathione.

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“…Surrounding these aleurone grains, are smaller ovoid bodies, called unidentified bodies by Buttrose (3) and spherosomes by Paleg and Hyde (21). The aleurone cells of barley have a similar microscopic structure of aleurone grain surrounded by spherosomes (11,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Composition and Structure of Protein Bodies and Spherosomes Isolated from Ungerminated Seeds of Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench

Adams¹,

Novellie²

1975

Plant Physiol.

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Protein bodies and spherosomes have been isolated from mature seeds of Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench by a procedure which successfully disrupts the protein starch complex in the grain. Protein bodies from whole grain are 68% protein and have a distinct border and a monolithic appearance. Those from embryo are 95% protein and have diffuse borders, vacuoles, and appear very granular. Aleurone tissue protein bodies are 46% protein with a structure similar to those from embryo, but possibly are composed of a protein carbohydrate mixture. Spherosomes from all sources are quite similar in composition and structure. They have an average composition of 27% protein, 12% phosphorus, and 8.6% metals. Microscopically, they appear as small vesicles bounded by-a wall which is probably composed of protein and the potassium. magnesium salt of phytic acid.

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The structure and composition of Aleurone grains in the Barley Aleurone layer

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

The ultrastructure of germinating barley seeds. I. Changes in the scutellum and the aleurone layer in Nordal barley

The ultrastructure of germinating barley seeds. I. Changes in the scutellum and the aleurone layer in Nordal barley

Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of Vacuoles: Characterization of Lytic Organelles by Use of Fluorescent Probes

Composition and Structure of Protein Bodies and Spherosomes Isolated from Ungerminated Seeds of Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench

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