The Structure and the Crystallization Behaviour of the CaO‐SiO
 2
 ‐Al
 2
 O
 3
 ‐Based Mold Flux for High‐A1 Steels Casting

Jin, Gao; Wen, Guangrui; Huang, Ting; Tang, Ping

doi:10.1002/9781119333197.ch31

Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts 2016

DOI: 10.1002/9781119333197.ch31

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The Structure and the Crystallization Behaviour of the CaO‐SiO ₂ ‐Al ₂ O ₃ ‐Based Mold Flux for High‐A1 Steels Casting

Gao Jin

Guangrui Wen

Ting Huang

et al.

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Cited by 5 publications

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“…The coordination of Fe 3+ with oxygen ions can occur in either tetrahedral or octahedral configurations. [FeO 4 ] tetrahedra connects with [SiO 4 ] units to enhance glass polymerization, while independent [FeO 6 ] octahedra decreases it as network outgrowth [66]. Therefore, Fe 2 O 3 is also a network intermediate, but the relative proportion of these two coordination numbers varies significantly depending on the specific components, which requires specific analysis according to the cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Corrosion behavior of Gd ₂Zr ₂O ₇ thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

Guo,

Li,

Yan

2024

Journal of Advanced Ceramics

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Environmental sediments mainly consisting of CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (CMAS) corrosion are a serious threat to thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), in which Fe element is usually ignored. Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 TBCs are famous for their excellent CMAS resistance. In this study, the characteristics of Fe-containing environmental sediments (CMAS-Fe) and their corrosiveness to Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 coatings were investigated. Four types of CMAS-Fe glass with different Fe contents were fabricated. Their melting points were measured to be 1322-1344 ℃, and the high-temperature viscosity showed a decreasing trend with increasing Fe contents. The corrosion behavior of four types of CMAS-Fe to Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 coatings at 1350 ℃ was investigated. At the initial corrosion stage (0.1 h), anorthite was precipitated in CMAS-Fe with a high Ca : Si ratio, while Fe-garnet was formed in the melt with the highest Fe content. Prolonging the corrosion time resulted in the formation of a reaction layer, which exhibited an interpenetrating network composed of Gd-oxyapatite, ZrO 2 , and residual CMAS-Fe. Some spinel was precipitated within the reaction layer. After 1 h or even longer time, the reaction layers tended to be stable and compact, which had comparable hardness and fracture toughness to those of Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 coatings. Under the cyclic CMAS-Fe attack, the residual CMAS-Fe in the interpenetrating network provided a pathway for the redeposited CMAS-Fe infiltration, resulting in the continuous growth of the reaction layer. As a result, the Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 coatings had a large consumption in the thickness, degrading the coating performance. Therefore, the Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 coatings exhibit unsatisfactory corrosion resistance to CMAS-Fe attack.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion behavior of Gd ₂Zr ₂O ₇ thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

Guo,

Li,

Yan

2024

Journal of Advanced Ceramics

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In Situ and Real-Time Mold Flux Analysis Using a High-Temperature Fiber-Optic Raman Sensor for Steel Manufacturing Applications

Zhang

Tekle

O’Malley

et al. 2023

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Continuous casting in steel production uses specially developed oxyfluoride glasses (mold fluxes) to lubricate a mold and control the solidification of the steel in the mold. The composition of the flux impacts properties, including basicity, viscosity, and crystallization rate, all of which affect the stability of the casting process and the quality of the solidified steel. However, mold fluxes interact with steel during the casting process, resulting in flux chemistry changes that must be considered in the flux design. Currently, the chemical composition of mold flux must be determined by extracting flux samples from the mold during casting and then processing these samples offline to estimate the working chemical composition and, therefore, the expected properties of the flux. Raman spectroscopy offers an alternative method for performing flux analysis with the potential to perform measurements online during the casting process. Raman spectroscopy uniquely identifies specific chemical bonds and symmetries in the glassy flux by revealing peaks that are a fingerprint of the vibration modes of molecules in the flux. The intensities of specific peaks in Raman spectra can be correlated with the chemical composition of the melt and associated properties such as basicity and viscosity. This paper reports on the first use of a portable fiber-optic Raman sensor for in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements of molten flux at 1400 °C. The work demonstrates the advantages of fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy to document the structure and chemical composition of flux samples at temperatures typically encountered in the mold during continuous caster operation. Experimental results demonstrate that the composition-dependent Raman signal shifts can be detected at caster operating temperatures, and the use of hightemperature Raman analysis for in-line flux monitoring shows significant promise for the in situ detection of changes in flux composition and physical properties during casting.

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Effect of substituting CaO with BaO on the viscosity and structure of CaO‐BaO‐SiO₂‐MgO‐Al₂O₃ slags

2018

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In this study, the effect of CaO and BaO substitution on the viscosity and structure of CaO‐BaO‐SiO2‐MgO‐Al2O3 slags was investigated. The results showed that the viscosity increased with an increase in the BaO substitution concentration, which was correlated to an increase in the degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slag structural units as the activation energy increased from 207.9 to 263.8 kJ/mol for viscous flow. Deconvolution and area integration of the Raman spectrum of the slag revealed that the ratio of Q3/Q2 (Qi, i is the number of O0 in a [SiO4]‐tetrahedral unit) increased and NBO/Si (nonbridging oxygen per unit silicon atom) decreased with higher BaO content. It was also observed from the 27Al magic angles pinning nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS‐NMR) spectrum that the relative proportion of AlIV increased, while that of AlV decreased because of the decrease in the percentage of nonbridging oxygen (O−), indicating the polymerization of the slag. O1s X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also carried out to semi‐quantitatively analyze the various types of oxygen anions present in the slag. The XPS results correlated well with the results obtained from the analysis of the Raman and 27Al MAS‐NMR spectra of the slags and its viscous behavior.

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The Structure and the Crystallization Behaviour of the CaO‐SiO ₂ ‐Al ₂ O ₃ ‐Based Mold Flux for High‐A1 Steels Casting

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Corrosion behavior of Gd ₂Zr ₂O ₇ thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

Corrosion behavior of Gd ₂Zr ₂O ₇ thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

In Situ and Real-Time Mold Flux Analysis Using a High-Temperature Fiber-Optic Raman Sensor for Steel Manufacturing Applications

Effect of substituting CaO with BaO on the viscosity and structure of CaO‐BaO‐SiO₂‐MgO‐Al₂O₃ slags

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The Structure and the Crystallization Behaviour of the CaO‐SiO 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 ‐Based Mold Flux for High‐A1 Steels Casting

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Corrosion behavior of Gd 2Zr 2O 7 thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

Corrosion behavior of Gd 2Zr 2O 7 thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

In Situ and Real-Time Mold Flux Analysis Using a High-Temperature Fiber-Optic Raman Sensor for Steel Manufacturing Applications

Effect of substituting CaO with BaO on the viscosity and structure of CaO‐BaO‐SiO2‐MgO‐Al2O3 slags

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Structure and the Crystallization Behaviour of the CaO‐SiO ₂ ‐Al ₂ O ₃ ‐Based Mold Flux for High‐A1 Steels Casting

Corrosion behavior of Gd ₂Zr ₂O ₇ thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

Corrosion behavior of Gd ₂Zr ₂O ₇ thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

Effect of substituting CaO with BaO on the viscosity and structure of CaO‐BaO‐SiO₂‐MgO‐Al₂O₃ slags