The Structure, Preparation, Characterization, and Intercalation Mechanism of Layered Hydroxides Intercalated with Guest Anions

Abstract

Since the intercalation of anions into layered hydroxides (LHs) has a great impact not only on their nucleation and growth but also on their structure, composition, and size, the intercalation chemistry of LHs has aroused the strong interest of researchers. However, the progress in the fundamental understanding of LHs intercalated with guest anions have not been paralleled by a concomitant development of the preparation and performance improvement of such materials. Considering the guidance of a timely in‐depth review for scientists in this area, a systematic introduction about the development that is made on the above‐mentioned issues is highly needed but yet missing so far. Herein, recent advances in understanding the chemical composition and structure of LHs intercalated with guest anions are systematically summarized. Meanwhile, typical and emerging bottom‐up synthesis methods of LHs intercalated with anions are reviewed, and the potential impact of external reaction parameters on the intercalation of anions into LHs are discussed . Besides, different analytical characterization techniques employed in the examination of guest anion‐intercalated LHs are deliberated upon. Finally, although progress is slow in exploring the intercalation mechanism, as many examples as possible are included in this review and inferred the possible intercalation mechanism.

Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio‐oil using layered double hydroxides (LDH)‐derived materials

“…Intercalated LDH materials are used for various catalytic applications because of their stable structure and recyclable nature. Further disadvantages such as variation in synthesis strategies from one system to another, high costs, tedious operation, nongreen solvents, and possible contamination are needs to be considered for the development of intercalated LDH materials (Chen et al, 2023).…”

Metal-sulfide/polysulfide functionalized layered double hydroxides – recent progress in the removal of heavy metal ions and oxoanionic species from aqueous solutions

“…Overall, the intercalation chemistry of metal sulfides into LDH layers involves several factors, including the M 2+ /Mo 3+ ratio, charge density of the host layers, interlayer spaces, crystallinities, interlayer water, pH of the solution, besides the size, charge entities and geometry of metal sulfides. 93,94 These phenomena offer particular challenges for specific LDH and metal sulfide anions.…”

Insight into Multiphase Interlayer Molecular Packing and Stepwise Phase Transition in 4-(Phenylazo)benzoate Anion-Intercalated Layered Zinc Hydroxide

“…Compared to the great interest in the functionality of 2D layered intercalation hybrids, there is less interest in the fundamental understanding and profound insight into the interlayer structure. In most cases, the intercalated anions organize into a single-phase interlayer structure. , The diversity and controllability of the interlayer structure seem to have been overlooked for a long time. There are limited literature reports about the structural phase transition of intercalated anions under external stimuli, such as postsynthesis solvent treatment, , heat treatment, − dehydration, and rehydration (Table S1).…”

“…In most cases, the intercalated anions organize into a single-phase interlayer structure. 10,11 The diversity and controllability of the interlayer structure seem to have been overlooked for a long time. There are limited literature reports about the structural phase transition of intercalated anions under external stimuli, such as postsynthesis solvent treatment, 12,13 heat treat-ment, 13−16 dehydration, and rehydration 17 (Table S1).…”