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In the modern world, the use of isolated anther cultivation technology is currently an integral part of the wheat breeding process. The development of haploids in the winter bread wheat anthers will allow obtaining new forms of wheat in the shortest possible time and without large areas. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the F3 winter bread wheat hybrids according to the anthers’ sensitivity to androgenesis and plant regeneration in vitro and to identify the factors affecting the yield of haploid production. There has been studied the ability to androgenesis in vitro in the anthers of four winter bread wheat hybrids of intensive and semi-intensive type of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. There has been assessed the role of the mineral composition of three induction nutrient media N6, W14 and NPB-99. There has been established a correlation between the main stages of development of haploids and a genotype. The highest regeneration rate of green plants was obtained in the sample F3 623 of intensive type (3.3%). The most suitable medium for androgenesis of the winter bread wheat anthers in vitro is NPB-99. Since the genotype F3 623 of intensive type demonstrated high values of haploid production capacity, it could be successfully used in breeding programs for the rapid production of homozygous wheat anther lines in vitro. Using two-way analysis of variance, there has been identified a correlation between the effects of a genotype, nutrient medium and their interaction with the main parameters of haploid formation in winter wheat. The formation of embryogenic structures is mainly associated with the effect of a genotype (46.52%). The proportion of the nutrient composition of the medium was low (1.82%), and the correlation factor was 2.1%. The genotype had the greatest effect on the indicator of the regenerants’ number. The nutrient medium had little effect. Regarding the regeneration of green plants, which is the main indicator of the haploid production, the share of a genotype effect was the largest (47.32%). The contribution of the medium and the correlation of factors were less important, but statistically significant.
In the modern world, the use of isolated anther cultivation technology is currently an integral part of the wheat breeding process. The development of haploids in the winter bread wheat anthers will allow obtaining new forms of wheat in the shortest possible time and without large areas. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the F3 winter bread wheat hybrids according to the anthers’ sensitivity to androgenesis and plant regeneration in vitro and to identify the factors affecting the yield of haploid production. There has been studied the ability to androgenesis in vitro in the anthers of four winter bread wheat hybrids of intensive and semi-intensive type of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. There has been assessed the role of the mineral composition of three induction nutrient media N6, W14 and NPB-99. There has been established a correlation between the main stages of development of haploids and a genotype. The highest regeneration rate of green plants was obtained in the sample F3 623 of intensive type (3.3%). The most suitable medium for androgenesis of the winter bread wheat anthers in vitro is NPB-99. Since the genotype F3 623 of intensive type demonstrated high values of haploid production capacity, it could be successfully used in breeding programs for the rapid production of homozygous wheat anther lines in vitro. Using two-way analysis of variance, there has been identified a correlation between the effects of a genotype, nutrient medium and their interaction with the main parameters of haploid formation in winter wheat. The formation of embryogenic structures is mainly associated with the effect of a genotype (46.52%). The proportion of the nutrient composition of the medium was low (1.82%), and the correlation factor was 2.1%. The genotype had the greatest effect on the indicator of the regenerants’ number. The nutrient medium had little effect. Regarding the regeneration of green plants, which is the main indicator of the haploid production, the share of a genotype effect was the largest (47.32%). The contribution of the medium and the correlation of factors were less important, but statistically significant.
When developing a variety, along with the classical breeding methods, there are increasingly being used bio-technological and molecular genetic methods. These methods include a cultivation technology of isolated anthers, based on the phenomenon of androgenesis. The current paper has presented the results of developing androgenetic rice lines from 7 hybrids of the first generation. The purpose of the work was to study the ability of rice hybrids to form callus on artificial nutrient media and develop regenerated plants followed by a visual estimation of ploidy. Developing dihaploid homozygous lines will speed up the breeding process. The selection of rice panicles was carried out in the field in the shooting phase at the stage of mononuclear pollen. There were cultivated 7218 anthers, of which there were obtained 259 calli. The combinations ‘Akustik x Nerica 1’, ‘Nerica 1 x Akustik c’, ‘Kapitan x Akustik’ were the most responsive to callus formation. The regeneration frequency to the number of calli was 9.13 %. There were identified 794 new formations, from which there were formed 46 plants, including 26 albino and 20 green. The largest number of plants was formed in the hybrid ‘Kapitan x Akustik’ (22 pcs., 14 of which are green). Among the survived green regenerated plants, according to a complex of morphological traits, two plants turned out to be haploids with small sterile flowers and anthers, thin and narrow leaves; five plants were dihaploids with well-grained panicles and medium-sized leaves; two plants were tetraploids that had a wide leaf, a large panicle with very large flowers, but with low fertility. Plants and seeds were handed over to breeders for further work.
Abstract. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation conditions and the genotype of winter bread wheat samples on the formation of embryogenic callus and regenerative capacity, to identify regenerated plants in order to develop new initial material for breeding new varieties. Scientific novelty. There has been estimated the share of influence of induction nutrient media with different composition and genotype on the amount of regenerated plants of winter wheat in anther culture; there have been identified the new samples with high regeneration potential. Methods. The objects of the study were the donor plants of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of F3 generation from breeding nurseries of the winter wheat department of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, namely 13 hybrid combinations developed in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat of half-intensive type. There has been used a methodology of obtaining haploids in anther culture in vitro including such methods as sterilization during work with in vitro; preparation of nutrient media; selection and pretreatment of plant explants; determination of the stage of microspores’ development; isolation and planting of anthers on an induction nutrient medium; regeneration of plants from callus tissues. Results. There has been found the most favorable nutrient media for the induction of and rogenesis in vitro. There has been identified a maximum percentage of new formations from the anthers of winter bread wheat in the sample Vol’nitsa × Gerda. There have been developed the largest number of green haploid regenerated plants from pollen callus from the samples Vol’nitsa × Gerda, Kapitan × Vol’nyy Don. There has been revealed that the contribution of the genotype and nutrient medium into the number of new formations and the regeneration of green plants was statistically significant.
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