The Study on the Prescribing Pattern of Acinetobacter Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Objectives: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health issue in China. In 2006, a national seroepidemiological survey of HCV showed 5.6 million people were tested with HCV positive. Although new cases with HCV infection are mandatory to report in China, it is believed that the reported information is under-reported. The objective of this study was to correctively estimate newly infected HCV cases by gender, age, and province in China from 2005 to 2013. MethOds: The Back-calculation method was used to estimate the initial number of HCV infection, based on annual HCV reported cases issued by China CDC and the incubation distribution of HCV, which was from an outbreak due to a medical accident at a county in Liaoning, China in 2012; then the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm was employed to obtain the optimization estimation of HCV infection. Prior to the estimation, a rate of 49.7% from Denniston's study, in which subjects were not aware that they were infected with HCV was considered in the calculation to control for the missing report. The Monte Carlo simulation was applied to calculate total numbers and their 95% CIs. Results:The estimated numbers of newly-infected HCV cases from 2005 to 2013 were nearly 3.4 million. While 57.8% of the estimated newly-infected cases were male, cases of 30 to 39 years old were the group with the highest newly-infected cases of HCV (n= 963, 304, 28.4%). The estimated newly-infected cases also showed geographic variations that north, southwest, and west were among the regions where higher numbers were found. cOnclusiOns: This is the first time to correctively estimate newly-infected HCV cases using the annual infection disease report of China CDC; however, this estimation may still be underestimated because of the low unawareness of HCV and high rate of missing report on HCV cases in China.Objectives: -This paper focuses on this knowledge gaps for informed decisionmaking and identifies key barriers in uptake PCV in India. MethOds: -Qualitative interviews were conducted with pediatricians registered with Indian Academy of Pediatrics to generate evidence on perspective and practices regarding the PCV. A multi-level stratified sampling was applied to identify pediatricians across 12 metropolitan cities. The analysis was conducted using standard qualitative techniques to identify key domains, words, phrases and concepts from respondents. Quantitative variables are reported as mean and proportions. Results: -Majority (67.7%) of pediatricians advice for PCV to all whereas 32.2% advice PCV only to those who can afford. Around half (50.8%) have no specific preference and recommend any PCV vaccine where as 28.0% recommend PCV13. Main reason for acceptance of PCV were educated and informed clients (50.8%) followed by pediatrician's advice and counseling (25.4%) whereas main reason for denial was price of vaccine (97.3). In addition, majority (74.1%) of pediatricians wanted PCV to be included into UIP whereas (17.7%) didn't and (8.0%) were not sure. cOnclusiOns: -P...