The sulphate resistance of cements containing red brick dust and ground basaltic pumice with sub-microscopic evidence of intra-pore gypsum and ettringite as strengtheners

Influence of fired clay brick waste additions on the durability of mortars

“…The use of metakaolin and other pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash, silica fume, slag, rice husk ash, fired clay bricks and natural pozzolans, has also been shown to refine the pore structure, which results in reduced ionic mobility, consumption of calcium hydroxide and entrapment of alkalis in silica-rich hydration products, thus helping to suppress the deleterious expansion that results from alkali-silica reactions or exposure to chlorides and sulphates [5][6][7][8]. Nevertheless, the use of metakaolin as partial replacement for Portland cement seems to be more effective in reducing the carbonation depth than fly ash or silica fume additions [6].…”

“…Although the reuse potential of a variety of ceramic-related industrial wastes, namely sludges, fired clays and demolition waste, has been investigated, these had been subjected to firing temperatures up to 1100°C at some stage of their former processing [6][7][8][9][10][11] and they generally require waste collection and conditioning operations that might be rather elaborate. On the contrary, rejected low temperature fired clay bricks, straight from the production line, constitute a clean and ready to use waste material, whose effect on concrete or the durability of mortars has not been investigated.…”

Properties of concrete with pumice powder and fly ash as cement replacement materials

“…Environmentally friendly cement-based materials is a topic of interest and cement replacement materials play an important role in the construction industry considering economical, technological and ecological points of view [1,2]. Therefore, the search for alternative binders or cement replacement materials has been the subject of many publications.…”

Portland blended cements: demolition ceramic waste management

“…Some proposals promote the use of waste from the ceramic industry, which has already gone through a process at high temperature, particularly waste from roof tiles (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), bricks (16)(17)(18)(19) and floors tiles (20) as pozzolan. It is worth classifying this waste in terms of its potential as active pozzolanic capability and Portland cement additions.…”