The synthesis of a novel flame retardant and its synergistic efficiency in polypropylene/ammonium polyphosphate system

Abstract

A novel flame retardant, Si‐E, was synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The flame retardancy of Si‐E in polypropylene/ammonium polyphosphate (PP/APP) composites was studied by limited oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter (CONE). The influence of the flame retardant additives on the thermal degradation process in PP composites was ascertained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the char morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of Si‐E to PP/APP composites can simultaneously improve the flame retardancy and improve the impact strength, due to good compatibility and toughness of Si‐E in PP/APP. The CONE test also showed that the heat release rate and smoke production rate were significantly reduced in PP/APP/Si‐E composites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Synthesis of a novel PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide with high char residues and its performance as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resins

“…Wei [41] reported the synthesis and successful incorporation of a novel hyperbranched polyphosphamide (HBPE) into PLA. As typical intumescent flame retardant, the flame retardancy of polyphosphoramide could be enhanced by cooperation with synergistic additives, such as sulfur-containing compounds [42,43], silicon-containing compounds [44,45] and carbon materials [46,47] et al Among these synergistic additives, sulfur-containing polymers are impressing as additives for EP due to its high T g s, excellent thermal stability, outstanding mechanical properties and larger intermolecular force between polymer chains [48e50]. Modification of polyphosphoramide with sulfur could be an effective way to endow epoxy resin with high flame retardancy and T g s [30,31].…”

Synergistic effect of DOPO immobilized silica nanoparticles in the intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites

“…Because of environmental concerns, halogen‐containing flame retardants have been gradually prohibited . According to the earlier literatures, introducing boron‐ nitrogen‐, phosphorus‐ and silicon‐containing compounds into PP is beneficial to improve its flame retardancy. Phosphorus‐containing systems, especially for intumescent flame retardant (IFR), have attracted extensive attention in recent years for its notable flame‐resistant efficiency.…”

“…According to the earlier literatures, introducing boron‐ nitrogen‐, phosphorus‐ and silicon‐containing compounds into PP is beneficial to improve its flame retardancy. Phosphorus‐containing systems, especially for intumescent flame retardant (IFR), have attracted extensive attention in recent years for its notable flame‐resistant efficiency. When burning, IFRs could form intumescent char layers as protective barriers between flame and underlying polymer, which results in extinguishing of fire .…”

“…Generally, to endow polymers with excellent flame retardancy, relatively high content of IFR is needed. In case of high content of IFR, however, the poor compatibility of IFRs with polymer matrices causes severe decrease in mechanical property of materials and thus restricts the application of polymer in some occasions. Therefore, it is worthwhile to pay attention to the improvement of flame‐retardant efficiency for IFRs.…”

Synthesis of a phosphorus/silicon hybrid and its synergistic effect with melamine polyphosphates on flame retardant polypropylene system

“…4 Although the phosphorus-based flame retardants demonstrated better flame retardancy than many other halogenfree flame retardants, 2,3,5 high loadings are generally needed to achieve UL94-V0 rating in PP. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Early investigations proved that phosphorus and silicon indeed show some synergy effect in flame retarding. This would lead to the reduction in mechanical strength and the migration of the flame retardants to the surface.…”