The tantalizing links between gut microbes and the brain

Smith, Peter A.

doi:10.1038/526312a

Cited by 188 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In a model of acute kidney injury, indoxyl sulfate rapidly accumulated in the nervous system, suggesting that this toxin might be involved in the neural dysregulation that is triggered by kidney dysfunction 191 . Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiome might exert important effects on the nervous system through multiple pathways including bacterial metabolites, inflammatory cytokines, and neuro transmitters 192 . Indole acetic acid, which has proinflammatory and pro-coagulatory properties 193,194 , and phenyl acetic acid, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase 195 , are also generated in the intestine and have toxic potential.…”

Section: Ckd Alters the Gut-kidney Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systemic nature of CKD

et al. 2017

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The accurate definition and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major achievements of modern nephrology. Intensive research is now being undertaken to unravel the risk factors and pathophysiologic underpinnings of this disease. In particular, the relationships between the kidney and other organs have been comprehensively investigated in experimental and clinical studies in the last two decades. Owing to technological and analytical limitations, these links have been studied with a reductionist approach focusing on two organs at a time, such as the heart and the kidney or the bone and the kidney. Here, we discuss studies that highlight the complex and systemic nature of CKD. Energy balance, innate immunity and neuroendocrine signalling are highly integrated biological phenomena. The diseased kidney disrupts such integration and generates a high-risk phenotype with a clinical profile encompassing inflammation, protein-energy wasting, altered function of the autonomic and central nervous systems and cardiopulmonary, vascular and bone diseases. A systems biology approach to CKD using omics techniques will hopefully enable in-depth study of the pathophysiology of this systemic disease, and has the potential to unravel critical pathways that can be targeted for CKD prevention and therapy.

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Section: Ckd Alters the Gut-kidney Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systemic nature of CKD

et al. 2017

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“…They further observed that after transferring gut microbes of a control NOD mouse donor to B6 mice, resulted in "stressed" behavior [11,30,31]. Taken together, these studies suggest that the development of neuronal circuitry in mice is influenced by the presence of intestinal bacteria and it seems as essential component for full development.…”

Section: Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…This involvement is adequate enough to affect brain physiology and neurochemistry, thus might be involved in brain related disease [9,10]. Researchers have drawn links between gastrointestinal pathology and psychiatric neurological conditions such as anxiety, depression, autism, schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disorders in animals however the data are more limited humans and required validation [6,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of Gut Microbiome in Brain Chemistry and Behavior

Kumari¹,

Verma²

2018

Ann. Bio. Sci

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“…Data suggest that the gut microbiota can affect physiological, behavioral and cognitive functions of the brain [8,9,10,11,12]. Bidirectional signaling in the enteric microbiota–gut–brain axis is regulated at neural, hormonal, and immunological levels and includes the CNS, neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems, the enteric and autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic branches) nervous system, and intestinal microbiota factors.…”

Section: Gut–brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis from the Perspective of Nuclear Receptors

Duszka

Wahli

2018

IJMS

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Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a key role in regulating virtually all body functions, thus maintaining a healthy operating body with all its complex systems. Recently, gut microbiota emerged as major factor contributing to the health of the whole organism. Enteric bacteria have multiple ways to influence their host and several of them involve communication with the brain. Mounting evidence of cooperation between gut flora and NRs is already available. However, the full potential of the microbiota interconnection with NRs remains to be uncovered. Herewith, we present the current state of knowledge on the multifaceted roles of NRs in the enteric microbiota–gut–brain axis.

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The tantalizing links between gut microbes and the brain

Cited by 188 publications

References 8 publications

The systemic nature of CKD

The systemic nature of CKD

Implication of Gut Microbiome in Brain Chemistry and Behavior

Enteric Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis from the Perspective of Nuclear Receptors

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